セミナー
709 イベント
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セミナー
Understanding the effect of defective, interfering influenza virus
2021年10月14日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
カトゥリン・ボシゥメン (数理創造プログラム 副プログラムディレクター)
Defective interfering virus particles (DIPs) are viruses that are defective in a very specific way that allows them to out-compete standard, non-defective virus. It is difficult to count DIPs because they can look too similar to standard virus. So instead, people are counting them based on their effect on suppressing the standard virus population. In this talk, I will explain the basic biology of virus replication, what are DIPs, and how they compete with standard virus. I will present our mathematical model (ordinary differential equation) that describes co-infection competition with DIPs and standard virus. I will use the mathematical model to show how experiments to count DIPs can give incorrect results, and I will propose some solutions.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Symmetry-based analysis for unconventional superconductors: Diagnosis of topological and nodal superconductivity
2021年10月12日(火) 16:00 - 17:15
小野 清志郎 (東京大学 工学系研究科 物理工学専攻)
The physics of unconventional superconductors has gained a new dimension in the past decade, thanks to the bloom in the understanding of topological quantum materials. Keeping in mind the success of the symmetry-based diagnosis in the large-scale discovery of topological insulator and semimetal candidates [1], it is natural to ask whether the approach can be generalized to superconducting systems. In this talk, I provide a unified way to diagnose topology and superconducting nodes in unconventional superconductors. First, I review symmetry-indicator theory for the topological insulators [2]. Also, I also discuss how to generalize the theory to superconductors [3,4,5]. Next, I show that the symmetry-based approach can extensively classify superconducting nodes pinned to high-symmetric momenta [6]. Finally, I show that these results enable us to derive the comprehensive correspondences between pairing symmetries and topological/nodal superconducting nature for each material [7]. *Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Geography of varieties of general type
2021年10月8日(金) 16:00 - 18:10
Chen Jiang (Associate Professor, Shanghai Math Center, Fudan University, China)
We study birational invariants in order to study birational classifications of varieties. Geography is the study of relations among different invariants. We will focus on two fundamental invariants: canonical volume and geometric genus. For surfaces there are classical results such as Miyaoka-Yau inequality and Noether inequality. I will discuss higher dimensional analogue of them, and introduce our recent work on the optimal Noehter inequality for 3-folds joint with Jungkai Chen and Meng Chen. *Please contact Keita Mikami's mail address to get access to the Zoom meeting room.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Wave function geometry and anomalous Landau levels of flat bands
2021年10月7日(木) 16:00 - 17:15
Bohm-Jung Yang (Associate Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea)
Semiclassical quantization of electronic states under magnetic field describes not only the Landau level spectrum but also the geometric responses of metals under a magnetic field. However, it is unclear whether this semiclassical idea is valid in dispersionless flat-band systems, in which an infinite number of degenerate semiclassical orbits are allowed. In this talk, I am going to show that the semiclassical quantization rule breaks down for a class of flat bands including singular flat bands [1-5] and isolated flat bands [6]. The Landau levels of such a flat band develop in the empty region in which no electronic states exist in the absence of a magnetic field. The total energy spread of the Landau levels of flat bands is determined by the quantum geometry of the relevant Bloch states, which is characterized by their Hilbert–Schmidt quantum distance and fidelity tensors. The results indicate that flat band systems are promising platforms for the direct measurement of the quantum geometry of wavefunctions in condensed matter. *Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Speed limit for population dynamics
2021年10月7日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
足立 景亮 (理化学研究所 生命機能科学研究センター (BDR) 生体非平衡物理学理研白眉研究チーム 基礎科学特別研究員)
In statistical and quantum physics, the speed limit, i.e., upper bound for change rate, of time-dependent quantities has been discussed. In this talk, I will extend the concept of speed limit to ecological and evolutionary processes by considering the competitive Lotka-Volterra model and the quasi-species model. As an application of the speed limit, I will also discuss the universal constraint for the relaxation at the bifurcation point of such models.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Donaldson-Thomas invariants, wall-crossing and categorifications
2021年10月1日(金) 16:00 - 18:10
戸田 幸伸 (東京大学 カブリ数物連携宇宙研究機構 (Kavli IPMU) 教授)
It is an important subject to study algebraic curves inside algebraic varieties, both in classical algebraic geometry and also enumerative geometry inspired by string theory. The Donaldson-Thomas theory is one of curve counting theories on Calabi-Yau 3-folds, and has developed in these 20 years from several aspects of mathematics and mathematical physics. Among them, the wall-crossing in derived category turned out to be a key phenomena in proving deep structures of generating series of Donaldson-Thomas invariants. In the first one hour, I will review the classical aspect of counting curves inside algebraic varieties, and explain how it leads to modern enumerative geometry such as Gromov-Witten invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants. In the second one hour, I will explain wall-crossing phenomena in Donaldson-Thomas theory, and its categorification in the case of the resolved conifold. *Please contact Keita Mikami's mail address to get access to the Zoom meeting room.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Evolutionary dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses
2021年9月30日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
岡田 崇 (数理創造プログラム 上級研究員)
Seasonal influenza viruses undergo rapid evolution, which allows them to escape from human-immune-system responses and infect humans repeatedly. In this talk, I present some counter-intuitive properties observed in time-series data of viral sequence variation and then discuss how these strange properties can be explained by extending the standard framework of population genetics.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
High-harmonic generation in strongly correlated systems
2021年9月15日(水) 13:30 - 15:00
村上 雄太 (東京工業大学 理学院 助教)
High-harmonic generation (HHG) is an intriguing nonlinear phenomenon induced by a strong electric field. It has been originally observed and studied in atomic and molecular gases, and is used in attosecond laser sources as well as spectroscopies. An observation of HHG in semiconductors expanded the scope of this field to condensed matters [1]. The HHG in condensed matters is attracting interests since it may be used as new laser sources and/or as powerful tools to detect band information such as the Berry curvatures. Recently, further exploration of the HHG in condensed matters are carried out in various other systems than semiconductors. In this talk, we introduce our recent theoretical efforts on the HHG in strongly correlated systems [2,3,4]. In contract to semiconductors, the charge carriers are not normal fermions, which makes HHG in strongly correlated systems unclear. Using the dynamical-mean field theory and the infinite time-evolving block decimation for the Hubbard model, we reveal the HHG features in the Mott insulators. Firstly, we reveal that the origin of the HHG in the Mott insulator is the recombination of doublons (doubly occupied sites) and holons (no electron site). Then, we show that the HHG feature qualitatively changes depending on the field strength due to the change of mobility of charge carriers, and discuss that the HHG directly reflects the dynamics of many body elemental excitations, which the single particle spectrum may miss. These results indicate that the HHG in Mott systems may be used as a spectroscopic tool for many body excitations. We also discuss the effects of spin dynamics on the HHG, which is a unique feature in strongly correlated systems.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
S-matrix Unitarity toward UV Completion
2021年9月13日(月) 13:30 - 15:00
泉 圭介 (名古屋大学 素粒子宇宙起源研究所 (KMI) 助教)
Einstein gravity is not renormalizable and does not hold perturbative unitarity at high energy. This is the main reason why the construction of quantum gravity is difficult. A conjecture was proposed by Llewellyn Smith, "renormalizablility and tree-unitarity at high energy give the same conditions for theories". This conjecture would be important because it shows that, if a theory is constructed s.t. unitarity is satisfied, renormalizablility holds automatically, and vice versa. Unfortunately, a counterexample was pointed out. If a theory involves higher derivatives, there exists a theory which is renormalizable but does not satisfy tree-unitarity. A candidate of quantum gravity, the quadratic gravity (R_{\mu\nu}^2 gravity), is one of the examples. Therefore, Llewellyn Smith's conjecture would not be useful for the discussion of quantum gravity. Then, we introduce a new conjecture, "renormalizablility and S-matrix unitarity (or often called pseudo-unitarity) at high energy give the same conditions for theories". In this talk, Llewellyn Smith's conjecture and our contribution to it will be explained. Then, our new conjecture will be introduced. Finally, it will be shown that our conjecture works well even in theories with higher derivatives.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Towards a description of amorphous solids and viscoelastic materials using effective field theory and holographic methods
2021年9月10日(金) 13:30 - 15:00
Matteo Baggioli (Associate Professor, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China)
Among the most ubiquitous phases of matter, gases and crystalline solids are definitely the simplest to be described. Their physics is indeed almost entirely textbooks material and it can be summarized within the elegant frameworks of kinetic theory and Debye theory. Liquids and specially viscoelastic systems and amorphous materials (e.g. glasses) exhibit a much richer and complex dynamics with provides a large set of fundamental and unresolved physical questions. Given the tremendous microscopic complexity of these systems, which is manifest in a large landscape of scales and anomalous behaviours, the effective field theory (EFT) paradigm of isolating only a few, but fundamental, information could provide a winning approach. This talk is based on the simple, but indeed extremely difficult, question of whether these phases of matter can be distinguished, classified and understood using emergent and/or fundamental symmetry principles as in their ordered crystal counterpart. More precisely, we will combine EFTs, hydrodynamics and holographic methods to tackle the above question. I will present the most recent developments in this direction and I will discuss with you the most important open questions and avenues to explore in the near future.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
How to make a dataset for phylogeny and the background of mathematical theory
2021年9月9日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
矢﨑 裕規 (数理創造プログラム 特別研究員)
Molecular phylogenetic analysis is a very important method of analysis for understanding the evolution of organisms and so on. The method of molecular phylogenetic analysis itself is often discussed, and you are probably familiar with the background of the analysis. The dataset to be analyzed is just as important as the analysis method. However, it is not well known how the data set is made and what the methodology behind it is. Therefore, I will outline the background to the creation of data sets.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
The Polarised ring of the Supermassive Black Hole in M87: EHT observations and theoretical modeling
2021年9月3日(金) 14:00 - 16:00
水野 陽介 (T.D. Lee Fellow / Associate Professor, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China)
The Event Horizon Telescope has mapped the central compact radio source of the elliptical galaxy M87 at 1.3 mm with unprecedented angular resolution. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 micro-arcsecond, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the “shadow” of a supermassive black hole. Recently EHT has provided new images of the polarised emission around the central black hole in M87 on event-horizon scale. This polarised synchrotron emission probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. We found that the net azimuthal linear polarisation pattern may result from organised, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large simulated polarimetric image library, we found that magnetically arrested accretion disks are favoured to explain polarimetric EHT observations. In this talk, I also briefly discuss about a new modelling study of M87 jets in the collimation and acceleration region.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Journal Club: A quantitative quasispecies theory-based model of virus escape mutation under immune selection
2021年9月2日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
許 インイン (数理創造プログラム 基礎科学特別研究員)
I would like to introduce the paper "a quantitative quasispecies theory-based model of virus escape mutation under immune selection", written by Hyung-June Woo and Jaques Reifman [1]. Paper abstract: Viral infections involve a complex interplay of the immune response and escape mutation of the virus quasispecies inside a single host. Although fundamental aspects of such a balance of mutation and selection pressure have been established by the quasispecies theory decades ago, its implications have largely remained qualitative. Here, we present a quantitative approach to model the virus evolution under cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response. The virus quasispecies dynamics are explicitly represented by mutations in the combined sequence space of a set of epitopes within the viral genome. We stochastically simulated the growth of a viral population originating from a single wild-type founder virus and its recognition and clearance by the immune response, as well as the expansion of its genetic diversity. Applied to the immune escape of a simian immunodeficiency virus epitope, model predictions were quantitatively comparable to the experimental data. Within the model parameter space, we found two qualitatively different regimes of infectious disease pathogenesis, each representing alternative fates of the immune response: It can clear the infection in finite time or eventually be overwhelmed by viral growth and escape mutation. The latter regime exhibits the characteristic disease progression pattern of human immunodeficiency virus, while the former is bounded by maximum mutation rates that can be suppressed by the immune response. Our results demonstrate that, by explicitly representing epitope mutations and thus providing a genotype–phenotype map, the quasispecies theory can form the basis of a detailed sequence-specific model of real-world viral pathogens evolving under immune selection. *Please refer to the email to get access to the Zoom meeting room.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Extended and interacting bound states in elemental superconductors
2021年9月1日(水) 16:00 - 17:15
Levente Rózsa (Condensed Matter Physics, University of Konstanz, Germany)
Combining magnetism with superconductivity leads to the emergence of localized states, including Majorana bound states predicted to be relevant for topological quantum computation. In this talk, I discuss how these bound states are influenced by the details of the electronic structure. It will be shown how the shape of the Fermi surface leads to a long-ranged anisotropic extension of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in the vicinity of magnetic impurities [1]. The same type of Fermi surface will be demonstrated to give rise to topologically trivial Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon bound states in vortex cores [2], with similar spatial profiles to those of topological Majorana bound states. The role of spin-orbit coupling will be discussed in the hybridization of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bound states of dimers with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin alignments [3]. The general theoretical concepts will be illustrated by experimental realizations in specific materials. *Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Mathematical analysis of body temperature fluctuation during hibernation
2021年8月26日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
黒澤 元 (数理創造プログラム 専任研究員)
Hibernation (tomin in Japanese) is a strategy for the organisms to survive in a severe season with limited food and water availability. During hibernation, the organisms drastically decrease their basal metabolisms, drop their body temperature (Tb) more than 10 degree, and become immobile. Interestingly, body temperature during hibernation does not remain constant at very low value, but greatly fluctuates with inconstant period of several days. Although there have been many studies about hibernation since the era of Aristotle, fundamental problems of hibernation remain elusive. Recently, we started to investigate Tb data during hibernation by using a method in acoustic engineering for the analysis of irregular time-series such as music. We succeeded in quantifying many individual data, and found that a simple model can reproduce well and forecast Tb data during hibernation. This is the collaboration with Yoshifumi Yamaguchi at Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University and Shingo Gibo at iTHEMS.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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Application of Machine Learning on Many-Body Problems
2021年8月23日(月) 16:00 - 17:15
Daw-Wei Wang (Professor, Department of Physics, National Tsinghua University, Taiwan)
Time: 4pm ~ 5:15pm (JST); 9am ~ 10:15am (CET); 3pm ~ 4:15pm (Taiwan) In this talk, I will briefly introduce the application of machine learning methods on quantum many-body problems. It includes a self-supervised learning approach to decide the topological phase transition in the systems of ultracold atoms by using Time-of-Flight images only without knowing any priori knowledge [1]. We then develop the Random Sampling Neural Networks for the investigation of quantum many body ground state properties in the strong interacting regime by a model rtained in the weak interacting regime [2]. Finally, we provide an Quantum-Inspired-Recurrent Neural Network, which could give a precise long-time dynamics of a quantum many-body system, even the model is trained in the short-time regime. We hope to show the great possibility to use machine learning as a new tool to investigate the quantum many-body problems. *Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
The damped circadian oscillator in cyanobacterium: kaiA-less oscillator
2021年8月19日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
河本 尚大 (大阪大学 太陽エネルギー化学研究センター 特任研究員)
Circadian clocks are conserved in almost all organisms and provide fitness advantages to their owners through scheduling biological processes at appropriate time of diurnal cycles. Cyanobacteria possess circadian clock genes named kaiA, kaiB and kaiC. The phosphorylation cycle of KaiC, driven by KaiA and KaiB, is assumed to be a core oscillator in the cyanobacterial clock, and it has been believed that all of the three genes are essential for circadian oscillations since their finding in 1998. However, we found that the kaiA-disrupted strains exhibited a faint damped oscillation. Measuring the bioluminescence rhythms of mutants revealed that the damped oscillation is generated by transcriptional-translational feedback of kaiBC, but not by the phosphorylation cycle of KaiC. In this talk, in addition to the mechanism of the kaiA-less oscillator, I will propose how it can be beneficial for the total circadian system in the cyanobacterium by analyzing the simple model of the two coupled oscillators.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Application of AdS/CFT to non-equilibrium phenomena in external electric fields
2021年8月16日(月) 13:00 - 15:00
木下 俊一郎 (中央大学 理工学部 共同研究員)
The AdS/CFT correspondence is a useful tool for studying strongly-coupled gauge theories. According to this correspondence, the D3/D7 brane system in string theory is one of the simplest toy model dual to supersymmetric QCD-like gauge theory. In the dual field theory, the mesons, i.e., the quark-antiquark bound states are stable in vacuum when the quark is massive, while the dielectric breakdown occurs by pair production of quark-antiquark under strong electric fields. In this talk, I will review a series of our works of D3/D7 systems and show time-dependent, non-equilibrium phenomena driven by external electric fields such as suddenly increasing or rotating electric fields.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
From Yang-Mills theory to enumerative geometry on Calabi-Yau 4-folds
2021年8月6日(金) 16:00 - 18:10
ヤーロン・ツァオ (数理創造プログラム 研究員)
Yang-Mills theory was studied from mathematical perspectives in the 1970s by Atiyah and his collaborators (notably Drinfeld, Hitchin, Singer). Subsequent breakthroughs were made on dimensions 3 and 4 by Floer and Donaldson (based on deep analytic results obtained by Uhlenbeck and Taubes) in the 1980s. In 1996, Donaldson and Thomas proposed to study Yang-Mills theories on dimensions bigger than 4. In higher dimensions, the analytic method is limited and algebro-geometric method is heavily used instead. This powerful tool usually enables us to compute partition functions and lead to amazing links to other invariants in enumerative geometry, e.g. Gromov-Witten and Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. In this talk, I will review some of these inspiring stories and discuss how my works on Calabi-Yau 4-folds fit into them.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Rational design of autonomous, peptide-based ion channels
2021年8月5日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
新津 藍 (理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 杉田理論分子科学研究室 基礎科学特別研究員)
Designing artificial ion channel proteins has been a major challenge since rational design of membrane proteins is still in its infancy. To address this challenge, we aim to understand the most fundamental interaction in membrane proteins, helix-helix packing, using artificial peptides. Here, we rationally design, synthesise and characterise transmembrane peptides which self-assemble into stable channels. In this talk, I will present our computational de novo peptide design, structure modelling and molecular dynamics simulations, followed by biophysical experiments indicating structure and function of the designed channels. These works shed light on a sequence-to-structure/stoichiometry of membrane alpha-helices, which will aid more accurate membrane protein designs in future. *Please refer to the email to get access to the Zoom meeting room.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
709 イベント