A Selective Survey of Ideas, Tools and Results in Constructive QFT II

2024年4月1日(月) 13:00 - 14:30

クリスティ・コウジ・ケリー (数理創造プログラム 基礎科学特別研究員)

In this talk we continue to discuss the constructive programme in rigorous QFT. Our aim is discuss a few points on difficulties in relation to the definition of Euclidean path integrals and the general strategy of constructive field theory from a constructive perspective. This will motivate a discussion of the fundamental results in probability theory which are the main tools for the construction of Euclidean path integral measures. We might also discuss some points in relation to free fields, including in particular difficulties in the characterisation of massless fields.

会場: via Zoom / セミナー室 (359号室)

イベント公式言語: 英語

京都大学SACRA-理化学研究所iTHEMS 特別講演会「逆撫での力学」

2024年3月28日(木) 13:30 - 16:30

時枝 正 (Professor, Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, USA)

摩擦、滞り、つっかえ、・・・　これらはさまざまな過程のはかどりを死なせてしまう邪魔者として嫌われがち。ところがこの講演では、あまたの実験をその場でおこない、これらが生むちょっと魔法じみた現象をご覧に入れます。そして最大限多様な現象を、最小限のモデルで解明しましょう。実験のいくつかはご自宅でも簡単に「手品」として楽しめるものです。 会場の収容人数の関係上、参加可能定員は約45名となります。定員に達し次第、受付を終了いたします。 プログラム： 13:00：開場・受付開始 13:30〜15:00：講演「逆撫での力学」 15:00〜16:30：継続討論 主催： 京都大学大学院理学研究科附属サイエンス連携探索センター（SACRA）学際融合部門 理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム（iTHEMS）

会場: 京都大学東京オフィス 大会議室

イベント公式言語: 日本語

Fast Rotating Neutron Stars: Spectra, Stability and Universal Relations

2024年3月27日(水) 11:00 - 12:30

クリスチャン・クルーガー (Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Tuebingen, Germany)

In this talk, we study rapidly rotating relativistic stars which are present in various astrophysical systems. First, we study their oscillations and instabilities by taking into account the contribution of a dynamic space-time. The study is based on the linearised version of Einstein’s equations and via this approach the oscillation frequencies as well as the critical values for the onset of a secular instability are determined. We show asteroseismological relations for the fundamental eigenfrequency which are crucial for tackling the inverse problem. Further, we provide universal relations that allow to estimate the moment of inertia (and other bulk quantities) from the knowledge of the triple mass, radius and moment of inertia of an associated non-rotating star. The proposed universal relations facilitate computationally cheap EOS inference codes that permit the inclusion of observations of rotating neutron stars. As a demonstration, we deploy them into a recent Bayesian framework for equation of state parameter estimation that is now valid for arbitrary, uniform rotation. The results are important for all stages of a neutron star’s life but particularly interesting in pre- and post-merger cases. This seminar is held by GW-EOS WG in iTHEMS.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Arrhythmic activity rhythms in ants

2024年3月26日(火) 16:00 - 17:00

藤岡 春菜 (岡山大学 環境生命自然科学学域 助教)

Most organisms exhibit a periodic activity of about 24 h. This circadian rhythm is considered to be an adaptation to the fluctuations of the environment. In social insects such as honeybees and ants, individual behavior, including activity-rest rhythms, is influenced by interactions within the colony. However, it is challenging to monitor individual activity-rest rhythms in an ant colony due to their large group size and small body size. To address this, we developed an image-based tracking system using 2D barcodes a monomorphic ant and measured the locomotor activities of all colony members under laboratory conditions. Activity-rest rhythms appeared only in isolated ants, not under colony conditions. This suggests that a mixture of social interactions, not light and temperature, induces the loss of activity-rest rhythms. These findings contribute to our understanding of the diverse patterns of circadian activity rhythms in social insects.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Multimessenger probes of superheavy dark matter decay and annihilation

2024年3月26日(火) 10:18 - 11:00

Saikat Das (京都大学 基礎物理学研究所 ポスドク研究員)

We revisit constraints on decaying very heavy dark matter (VHDM) using the latest ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; E >1e18 eV) data and ultrahigh-energy (UHE) gamma-ray flux upper limits, measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. We present updated limits on the VHDM lifetime for masses up to ∼ 1e15 GeV, considering decay into quarks, leptons, and massive bosons. In particular, we consider not only the UHECR spectrum but their composition data that favors heavier nuclei. Such a combined analysis improves the limits at <1e12 GeV because VHDM decay does not produce UHECR nuclei. We also show that the constraints from the UHE gamma-ray upper limits are ∼ 10 times more stringent than that obtained from cosmic rays, for all of the Standard Model final states we consider. The latter improves our limits to VHDM lifetime by a factor of two for dark matter mass >1e12 GeV. We also provide constraints using neutrino flux from dark matter decay, including the neutrino-induced cascades. We consider the interaction of UHE neutrinos with the cosmic neutrino background, leading to the attenuation of the extragalactic flux reaching Earth, which improves our analysis to obtain tighter constraints.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

The evolution of unusual inheritance and chromosome behaviour in flies and other critters

2024年3月14日(木) 16:00 - 17:00

Laura Ross (Senior Lecturer, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK)

Under Mendelian inheritance, individuals receive one set of chromosomes from each of their parents, and transmit one set of these chromosomes at random to their offspring. Yet, in thousands of animals Mendel's laws are broken and the transmission of maternal and paternal alleles becomes unequal. Why such non-Mendelian reproductive systems have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life remains unclear. My lab studies a variety of arthropod species to understand why, when and how the transmission of genes from one generation to the next deviate from Mendel’s laws. We mainly focus on species with Paternal Genome Elimination: Males transmit only those chromosomes they inherited from their mother to their offspring, while paternal chromosomes are excluded from sperm through meiotic drive. I will present recent work aimed at understanding the evolution of this unusual reproductive strategy in a clade of flies. These flies arguably have one of the most bizarre and complex chromosome systems of any insect and we use this complexity to study a range of topics including the evolution of sex chromosomes, germline-restricted chromosomes and sexual conflict.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

New horizons in immersive visualization at iTHEMS

2024年3月14日(木) 14:00 - 16:00

ジル・フェラン (Adjunct Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Canada)

Visualization is an essential part of research, both to explore one’s data and to communicate one’s findings with others. Data that are 3-dimensional can be explored in a more natural way using virtual reality devices. iTHEMS recently purchased new VR headsets with advanced capabilities (Meta Quest Pro). The meeting will start with a general introduction to the current state of the VR space. Then, participants may individually experience a demonstration with the new headsets (showing research done at the ABBL on supernovae and their remnants). There will be ample time for questions and discussions. Come and discover how such tools can be used to enhance our research.

会場: 研究本館 3階 共有スペース

イベント公式言語: 英語

Brane field theory with higher-form symmetry

2024年3月12日(火) 14:00 - 15:30

川名 清晴 (Research Fellow, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Republic of Korea)

We propose field theory for branes with higher-form symmetry as a generalization of ordinary Landau theory. The field \psi[C_p^{}] becomes a functional of p-dimensional closed brane Cp embedded in a spacetime. As a natural generalization of ordinary field theory, we call this theory brane field theory. In order to construct an action that is invariant under higher-form transformation, we first generalize the concept of “derivative” for higher-dimensional objects. Then, we discuss various fundamental properties of the brane field based on the higher-form invariant action. It is shown that the classical solution exhibits the area law in the unbroken phase of U(1) p-form symmetry, while it indicates a constant behavior in the broken phase for the large volume limit of Cp. In the latter case, the low-energy effective theory is described by the p-form Maxwell theory. If time permits, we also discuss brane-field theories with a discrete higher-form symmetry and show that the low-energy effective theory becomes a BF-type topological field theory, resulting in topological order.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催

イベント公式言語: 英語

Condensed Matter Physics of QCD 2024

2024年3月11日(月) - 22日(金)

ゴードン・ベイム (Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois, USA)
新田 宗土 (慶応義塾大学 教授)
Mark Alford (Professor, Washington University in St. Louis, USA)
Sanjay Reddy (Professor, University of Washington, USA)
Dam Thanh Son (Professor, The University of Chicago, USA)
Mikhail Stephanov (Professor, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), USA)
福嶋 健二 (東京大学 大学院理学系研究科 物理学専攻 教授)
山本 直希 (慶応義塾大学)
久德 浩太郎 (京都大学 大学院理学研究科 准教授)
林 優依 (京都大学 基礎物理学研究所)
西村 健太郎 (広島大学)
古城 徹 (東北大学)
北沢 正清 (京都大学 基礎物理学研究所)

QCD at finite temperature and density is one of the most challenging problems in modern physics, which plays a crucial role to understand the origin and coevolution of the universe and matter. On the one hand, the relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments in the past decades have opened a new and exciting field to explore physical properties of such a QCD matter at high-tempearture. On the other hand, recent astrophysical observations of compact stars (in particular, events involving neutron stars) is becoming another exciting tool to unveil properties of the dense QCD matter. This molecule-type workshop is aimed at bringing together theorists working on QCD at finite-temperature and density, with a particular focus on dense quark-nuclear matter relevant to neutron star physics. We will mainly cover macroscopic properties of the finite-density QCD matter such as the Lee-Yang edge singularity for a QCD critical point, the renewed Fermi liquid theory for quark-nuclear matter, nuclear superfluidity, color superconductivity, quark-hadron continuity, quantum vortex, and transport phenomena including the weak-intearction processes.

会場: via Zoom / 京都大学基礎物理学研究所

イベント公式言語: 英語

Macroscopic neutrinoless double beta decay: long range quantum coherence

2024年3月6日(水) 15:30 - 17:30

ゴードン・ベイム (Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois, USA)

This talk will introduce the concept of ``macroscopic neutrinoless double beta decay" (MDBD) for Majorana neutrinos. In this process an antineutrino produced by a nucleus undergoing beta decay, $X\to Y + e^- + \bar \nu_e$, is absorbed as a neutrino by another identical $X$ nucleus via the inverse beta decay reaction, $\nu_e + X \to e^-+Y$. The distinct signature of MDBD is that the total kinetic energy of the two electrons equals twice the end-point energy of single beta decay. The amplitude for MDBD, a coherent sum over the contribution of different mass states of the intermediate neutrinos, reflects quantum coherence over macroscopic distances, and is a new macroscopic quantum effect. We discuss the similarities and differences between the MDBD and conventional neutrinoless double beta decay, as well as give estimates of the rates of MDBD and backgrounds.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催 (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Do plants have bones? Silica phytoliths and their role and fate in the development of terrestrial plants and human civilizations

2024年3月1日(金) 14:00 - 15:15

Mikhail Blinnikov (Professor, St. Cloud State University, USA)

Silicon is the second most common element in the Earth’s crust. Some families of higher plants evolved mechanisms for soluble silica to be carried by xylem from groundwater and deposited as plant opal in or around plant cells as phytoliths thought to play a role in the structural support and defense against herbivores. While known since the early 19th century, phytoliths remain an intriguing class of microfossils whose formation and role in plants and their preservation in soils and sediments are a subject for a lot of active research. I outline some emerging themes in phytolith analysis including phytoliths’ role in global biogeochemical cycles, plant-herbivore interactions, and their tracing of evolution of cultural plants, especially cereals such as rice (Oryza), wild rice (Zizania), maize (Zea), wheat (Triticum) and millet (Panicum), all relevant to global archaeology. Some emerging research on phytoliths connects their changes in shapes to plant taxonomy of some families such as grasses and opens up avenues for further investigation of their active construction in the cells of some taxa by yet undiscovered genetically mediated mechanisms. New image analysis techniques and some advanced microscopy methods will allow us to further the field of phytolith study using deep machine learning algorithms and true 3D analysis of their shapes, something where contribution from other branches of science are most welcome.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

理化学研究所-奈良女子大学理学部合同 ダイバーシティ推進ワークショップ 2024

2024年2月29日(木) - 3月1日(金)

理化学研究所数理創造プログラム(iTHEMS)と奈良女子大学理学部は、理化学研究所ダイバーシティ推進室の後援を得て女性研究者育成事業を進めている。その一環として、奈良女子大学の学部生・大学院生23名が、理化学研究所和光キャンパスの複数の研究室を訪問し、研究内容について質疑を行うとともに、iTHEMSの研究者とともにワークショップを開催し、学生自らが発表を行う。 主催：理化学研究所数理創造プログラム、奈良女子大学理学部 プログラム： 2月29日（木）　 13:30-14:00 開会の挨拶 初田哲男 (C01, 研究本館2F 246-248号室) 14:00-15:30 東原子分子物理研究室 (CPR) (C32, レーザー棟2F中会議室) 15:30-17:00 多感覚統合神経回路理研白眉研究チーム(CBS) (C56, 脳科学池の端棟３F大会議室) 17:00-18:30 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) (C01, 研究本館3F) 18:30-21:00 奈良女子大学学生発表会 (C01, 研究本館3F） 3月1日(金） 9:00-10:30 仁科センターRIBF施設 (RNC) (E01, 仁科RIBF棟) 10:30-12:00 佐甲細胞情報研究室 (CPR) (S01, 生物科学棟３F大セミナー室) 12:00-13:00 昼食 (C61, 総合支援施設) 13:00 閉会

会場: via Zoom

Stochastic tunneling in de Sitter spacetime

2024年2月28日(水) 16:00 - 17:30

宮地 大河 (神戸大学 大学院理学研究科 物理学専攻 宇宙論研究室 博士課程)

The formulation of tunneling in real time formalism is discussed. In the case of de Sitter spacetime, there is a method called the stochastic approach, which is known to reproduce the tunneling predicted by Hawking and Moss in the imaginary time formalism. In the case of accelerated expansion of space, the short-wavelength modes are stretched and transformed into long-wavelength modes. In the stochastic approach, such UV-IR transition is incorporated as quantum noise, and the dynamics of the long-wavelength modes are described by stochastic differential equations. In this talk, we construct a Schwinger-Keldysh path integral that reproduces this stochastic differential equation and reformulate the tunneling probability. We also reproduce the Hawking-Moss tunneling probabilities by using the saddle point approximation.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Basic experimental considerations for analyzing gene expression

2024年2月28日(水) 13:00 - 14:00

藤 博貴 (理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 岩崎RNAシステム生化学研究室 学振特別研究員PD)

Methods such as RNA-sequencing and ribosome profiling are indispensable tools for the comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms underlying gene expression. A fundamental aspect that requires meticulous attention in the execution of these experiment is the extraction of intact RNA and Ribosomes. The integrity and purity of the extracted RNA is critical to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the sequencing data. In this seminar, I will introduce the basic but key points of the extraction process.

会場: 研究本館 3階 共有スペース

イベント公式言語: 英語

Using a trapped ion quantum computer for hamiltonian simulations

2024年2月28日(水) 10:30 - 12:00

リナルディ エンリコ (クオンティニュアム株式会社 Quantum Machine Learning and Algorithms Senior Research Scientist)

Trapped ion quantum computers, like the H-series quantum hardware by Quantinuum, robustly encode quantum information in long lived and precise qubits. However, utilizing the hardware efficiently requires a full-stack workflow from software libraries to hardware compilers. In this talk we introduce the relevant elements of this stack in the context of solving the quantum dynamics of a spin system on H-series hardware: we start from the definition of the Hamiltonian operator in the qubit Hilbert space using the open-source pytket python library and we define the quantum circuits in measurements to run, on a simulator first and on hardware later.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Plant hackers: galling insects extend their phenotypes on the trees by novel plant organogenesis

2024年2月27日(火) 16:00 - 17:00

Xin Tong (理化学研究所 環境資源科学研究センター (CSRS) 細胞機能研究チーム 基礎科学特別研究員)

When it comes to plant-insect interactions, insects are generally seen as pests like caterpillars eating vegetables or fruits. However, one group of insects, the galling insects can induce de novo organogenesis on the host plants which are often woody plants. Each galling insect species ‘designs’ its own gall as the extended phenotype which are so-called species-specific gall formation. Different from leaves and roots, galls represent unique plant organs swiftly formed in response to parasitic organisms, observed across diverse plant species. Yet, the precise mechanisms by which normal plant development is interrupted and redirected to form galls by galling organisms remain elusive. During the talk, I will share some discoveries and views related to aphid gall formation on the elm tree, which is the super host plant for more than 30 galling species, and further discussion about why an insect gall is not simple cell mass but well-organized structure, and how we could systematically understand insect gall formation.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催

イベント公式言語: 英語

An Investment Banker’s Journey to the World of Physicists -Seeking the Truth in Economics and Finance

2024年2月26日(月) 15:30 - 17:00

Irena Vodenska (Professor, Boston University, USA)

I encountered many exciting opportunities to learn, grow intellectually, and teach during my educational, professional, and scientific journey. Life brings chances, and it is up to us to take or leave them. I took my chances, one of the fascinating ones being to embark on a scientific interdisciplinary research collaboration with physicists. My background is in economics and finance, and doing research with physicists has been fascinating from many different points of view, especially in light of being free from any ONE discipline, free to explore research possibilities to answer finance and economic questions based on a boundless horizon of possible solutions. I worked as an investment banker after my first graduate degree before returning to academia to continue chartering new pathways to research. During my work as a hedge fund manager and a NASDAQ market maker, I had an opportunity to witness firsthand, on the trading floor, the US market collapse sparked by the demise of the Long Term Capital Management in 1998 and later the European market plunge during the tragic events of the terrorist attack on New York City on September 11, 2001, when I lived and worked on Manhattan. Most world problems today are complex to solve with one discipline, as multidisciplinary THINKING is needed to cover various aspects of scientific inquiry. Experience is essential, translating real-world knowledge into academia even more so. I was fortunate to be in a position to build the bridge between investment banking and academia. Learning about the pioneer of Econophysics, Boston University Professor H. Eugene Stanley, was like discovering a gold mine for me. After an exciting investment banking experience in the 1990s and early 2000s, I left my investment banking job in New York City to join Professor Stanley’s research laboratory, a time I will cherish and remember as formative, enlightening, and transformative for the rest of my life. One may ask why physicists work with economists on financial economics problems. The answer is simple: physicists are naturally curious, inquisitive, and open to new ideas. Moreover, physicists and economists share the same language, the language of mathematics. The value of the achievement in econophysics research is the results and the empirical outcome based on data obtained with solid models grounded in natural and social science theory. It is not trivial to produce interdisciplinary research, but recognizing its necessity is already prominently featured in many universities’ strategic plans, including Boston University. Let me lay out several studies and results to give you a glimpse into the research I will discuss today. We analyze economic time series and panel data to understand their relationships and investigate whether some economic data could be informative of the behavior of others. We use a novel approach comprised of Complex Hilbert Principal Component Analysis (CHPCA), Rotational Random Shuffling (RRS), and Helmholtz-Hodge (HH) potential to unearth statistically significant co-movements and identify noteworthy economic and geopolitical events that might influence such co-movement dynamics. I will present results from four cases studied collaboratively with my international research collaborators over the last decade since 2013.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

A Selective Survey of Ideas, Tools and Results in Constructive Field Theory

2024年2月26日(月) 13:00 - 14:30

クリスティ・コウジ・ケリー (数理創造プログラム 基礎科学特別研究員)

In this talk we discuss some aspects of constructive field theory with an emphasis on analytical and probabilistic methods and results. In particular after an overview of some points in the history of constructive QFT we plan to discuss some early achievements in axiomatic QFT, some features of the theory of distributions and the basic structure of the Wightman reconstruction theorem. We also introduce the Osterwalder-Schrader axioms and overview the strategy for the construction of nontrivial measures describing path-integrals for interacting QFTs. Depending on time constraints we might also discuss probabilistic tools (weak convergence of measures, the Bochner-Minlos theorem etc), Gaussian measures, UV regularity of simple QFTs and the construction of (infinite volume) Euclidean P(phi)_2 measures. The plan is to discuss some of these topics in some detail after the end of the official seminar.

会場: via Zoom / セミナー室 (359号室)

イベント公式言語: 英語

Second Workshop on Fundamentals in Density Functional Theory (DFT2024)

2024年2月20日(火) - 22日(木)

The density functional theory (DFT) is one of the powerful methods to solve quantum many-body problems, which, in principle, gives the exact energy and density of the ground state. The accuracy of DFT is, in practice, determined by the accuracy of an energy density functional (EDF) since the exact EDF is still unknown. Currently, DFT has been used in many communities, including nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, and condensed matter physics, while the fundamental study of DFT, such as the first principle derivations of an accurate EDF and methods to calculate many observables from obtained densities and excited states. However, there has been little opportunity to have interdisciplinary communication. On December 2022, we had the first workshop on this series (DFT2022) at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, and several interdisiplinary discussions and collaborationd were started. To share such progresses and extend collaborations, we organize the second workshop. In this workshop, the current status and issues of each discipline will be shared towards solving these problems by meeting together among researchers in mathematics, nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, and condensed matter physics. This workshop mainly comprises lectures/seminars on cutting-edge topics and discussion, while a half-day session composed of contributed talks is also planned. This workshop is partially supported by iTHEMS-phys Study Group. This workshop is a part of the RIKEN Symposium Series. The detailed information can be found in the workshop website.

会場: 融合連携イノベーション推進棟（IIB） 8階 (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

An introduction to the exact WKB analysis via the hypergeometric differential equation

2024年2月19日(月) - 22日(木)

青木 貴史 (近畿大学 理工学部 名誉教授)

This is an introductory course to the exact WKB analysis. Firstly we review some basic facts concerning formal power series and WKB solutions. Secondly we give an overview of the connection formulas for WKB solutions to ordinary differential equations of second order with a large parameter. Next, after recalling some classical theory for the Airy equation and the Gauss hypergeometric differential equation, we show how the exact WKB analysis is used for these equations and what are obtained. One of the main results to be presented in this course is the relation the between the classical hypergeometric function and the Borel resummed WKB solutions to the hypergeometric differential equation with a large parameter. Some applications and recent topics are also given. [Schedule (Tentative)] Day 1 10:00 - 11:30 Lecture 1 14:00 - 16:00 Lecture 2 Day 2 10:00 - 11:30 Lecture 3 14:00 - 16:00 Lecture 4 Day 3 10:00 - 11:30 Lecture 5 14:00 - 16:00 Lecture 6 Day 4 10:00 - 11:30 Lecture 7 14:00 - 16:00 Lecture 8

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語