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セミナーCosmic-ray bath in a past supernova gives birth to Earth-like planets
2026年7月3日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
澤田 涼 (理化学研究所 数理創造研究センター (iTHEMS) 数理基礎部門 基礎科学特別研究員)
A key question in astronomy is how ubiquitous Earth-like rocky planets are. The formation of terrestrial planets in our Solar System was strongly influenced by the radioactive decay heat of short-lived radionuclides (SLRs), particularly 26 Al (aluminum-26), likely delivered from nearby supernovae. However, current models struggle to reproduce the abundance of SLRs inferred from meteorite analysis without destroying the protosolar disk. We propose the "immersion" mechanism, where cosmic-ray nucleosynthesis in a supernova shockwave reproduces estimated SLR abundances at a supernova distance (~1 parsec), preserving the disk. We estimate that solar mass stars in star clusters typically experience at least one such supernova within 1 parsec, supporting the feasibility of this scenario. This suggests that Solar System─like SLR abundances and terrestrial planet formation are more common than previously thought.
会場: 研究本館 424-426号室
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
非平衡量子多体系の普遍則：理解から制御へ
2026年5月12日(火) 15:00 - 16:00
濱崎 立資 (理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 濱崎非平衡量子統計力学理研白眉研究チーム 理研白眉研究チームリーダー)
(この講演は日本語で行われます。またこのセミナーは開拓研究所レクチャーシリーズの一環とも位置付けられています) 近年、量子シミュレータや量子コンピュータの発展により、量子多体系を高精度に実現・操作し、そのダイナミクスを直接観測することが可能になった。これにより、「ミクロな量子力学に基づいてマクロな統計力学を理解する」という、von Neumann以来の基礎的問題が改めて注目を集めている。他方で、こうした系を制御することでその量子性を活用し、古典系を凌駕するデバイスや機能を実現しようとする機運も高まっている。 本講演では、ミクロな量子ダイナミクスから非平衡量子多体系の普遍則を理解し、その制御可能性を理論的に明らかにするという観点から、我々の研究と今後の展望を議論する。特に、開放量子多体系に特有の相の特徴づけ、閉じた量子系における熱統計力学の発現、非平衡ダイナミクスにおける厳密な普遍則の成立といった話題を取り上げる。さらに、これらの知見を踏まえ、制御の統計物理学・多体物理学という未開拓領域をいかに切り開くかを展望する。また、この非平衡統計力学の普遍的枠組みが、量子物性にとどまらず他分野へも適用可能であることについても触れたい。
会場: 理化学研究所和光キャンパス 本部棟2階大会議室
イベント公式言語: 日本語
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セミナー
Clumpy Outflows from Super-Eddington Accreting Black Holes
2026年4月10日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
Haojie Hu (筑波大学 JSPS海外特別研究員)
Recent advances in X-ray spectroscopic observation have enabled researchers to reveal distinct clumpy structures in the super-Eddington outflows from the supermassive black hole in PDS 456 (XRISM Collaboration 2025), initiating detailed investigation of fine-scale structures in accretion-driven outflows. In this talk, I will introduce our high-resolution, two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics simulations with time-varying and anisotropic initial and boundary conditions that reproduce clumpy outflows from super-Eddington accretion flows. The resulting clumpy outflows extend across a wide range of radial distances and polar angles, exhibiting typical properties such as a size of ~10 rg (where rg is the gravitational radius), a velocity of ~0.05–0.2 c (where c is the speed of light), and about five clumps along the line of sight. Although the velocities are slightly smaller, these characteristics reasonably resemble those obtained from the XRISM observation. The gas density of the clumps is on the order of 10^-13–10^-12 g cm^-3, and their optical depth for electron scattering is approximately 1–10. The clumpy winds accelerated by radiation force are considered to originate from the region within <300 rg.
会場: 研究本館 2階 220号室 (メイン会場) / via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
A Hybrid Pseudo-spectral–PINN Approach to Black Hole Quasinormal Modes
2026年4月3日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
Alexandre M. Pombo (PD, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia)
Gravitational-wave detections by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network have turned compact-object mergers into precision probes of strong gravity. The post-merger ringdown is particularly incisive: it is governed by quasinormal modes (QNMs), the damped oscillations that encode the remnant's structure and provide a fingerprint of the final object. While current detectors constrain the dominant mode, next-generation observatories will resolve multiple modes with high precision, placing stringent demands on the accuracy of theoretical predictions. Computing QNMs for rotating black holes is, however, a non-trivial task, as it requires solving highly coupled, complex-valued perturbation equations where standard methods struggle. In this talk, I present SpectralPINN, a hybrid solver combining Pseudo-spectral methods with Physics-Informed Neural Networks, validated at 10⁻⁵ relative accuracy. I will present results for Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes, demonstrating the method's robustness and accuracy across parameter space, and discuss its potential for extension to more exotic compact objects relevant to next-generation detector science.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Basic Conceptual and Mathematical Problems of QFT
2026年2月20日(金) 14:00 - 15:30
クリスティ・コウジ・ケリー
In this talk we discuss some of the most basic conceptual and mathematical difficulties that arise in the standard physics analysis of QFT. In particular we shall discuss the origin of UV divergences in QFT—pointing out that there is both a kinematic and a dynamic aspect to this problem, and that the standard physics explanation (’new physics’) only considers the latter—and suggest that despite the notoriety of the problem, UV divergences are essentially under control. Secondly we discuss Haag’s theorem—which ensures the nonexistence of the interaction picture and the triviality of the perturbative S-Matrix—and indicate how this is the most elementary manifestation of a series of infrared problems in QFT. Finally we will outline why the rigorous construction of path-integral measures is difficult. If we have time, we may discuss some difficulties associated with gauge theories such as the infraparticle problem of QED and the mass-gap problem of Yang-Mills theory.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Binary neutron Star Merger as a Probe of Hadron-Quark Transition
2026年2月19日(木) 14:00 - 15:00
黄 永嘉 (Research Associate, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
This seminar is a joint seminar between GWX-EOS and the iTHEMS-ABBL Joint Astro SG. The recent rise of multi-messenger astronomy—including radius measurements from NICER, tidal deformability constraints from gravitational-wave events GW170817, and first-principles calculations from chiral effective field theory (χEFT) and perturbative QCD—has significantly tightened constraints on the neutron star equation of state. These advances consistently point to a non-monotonic sound speed in dense matter, suggesting that the cores of massive neutron stars may host exotic phases such as quark matter. However, the masquerade effect in static neutron stars makes it difficult to directly probe the nature of the transition (e.g., a smooth crossover or a sharp phase transition) near the core through observation alone.
会場: 理化学研究所 和光キャンパス (メイン会場) / via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
What can we learn from kilonovae about nucleosynthesis and high-density matter?
2026年2月9日(月) 14:00 - 15:15
オリバー・ユスト (Postdoctoral Researcher, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Germany)
The electromagnetic transients accompanying neutron-star mergers (NSMs), called kilonovae, are powered by the radioactive decay of freshly synthesized heavy elements. As such they should contain rich information about the ejected matter and the properties of the extremely dense meta-stable neutron-star remnant formed right after the collision. However, extracting such information from observed kilonova light curves and spectra remains a challenging endeavor, which requires sophisticated models of various hydrodynamic processes and neutrino transport effects, detailed knowledge of nuclear and atomic physics, as well as complex radiative transfer calculations. In this talk I will report recent efforts from our "HeavyMetal" collaboration aimed at deciphering kilonovae.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Introduction to the gravitational wave background from the primordial universe
2026年1月16日(金) 16:00 - 17:15
難波 亮 (理化学研究所 数理創造研究センター (iTHEMS) 数理基礎部門 上級研究員)
Being genuine propagating degrees of freedom of the spacetime metric, gravitational waves (GWs) serve as an independent "eye" through which we can probe the evolution history of our universe. They are complementary to electromagnetic observables such as cosmic microwave background (CMB) and can act as direct messengers from the earliest stage of the universe, where conventional probes lose access. In particular, a stochastic background of GWs is widely regarded as a smoking gun of cosmic inflation. In this talk, I introduce the basic theoretical framework for GWs produced in the primordial universe and discuss how they arise from vacuum fluctuations of the metric. I also outline additional production mechanisms sourced by matter fields in the early universe and contrast their characteristic observational signatures with those of vacuum tensor modes. The emphasis of my talk will be on physical intuition and analytic derivations, with the aim of making the subject accessible to non-specialists in the astrophysics community.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Is the Fornax galaxy cluster hiding its radio sources?
2025年12月15日(月) 14:00 - 15:15
Alvina Yee Lian On (PD, Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taiwan)
Recently, the ASKAP POSSUM and MeerKAT surveys revealed an apparent lack of radio source counts in the Fornax galaxy cluster field. The sources in this patch of sky also appeared to be less polarised. These observations are peculiar and could be important signatures of depolarisation on megaparsec scales. In this talk, I will present some of our recent results, where we quantified the effects on polarisation of radio point sources behind a merging galaxy cluster simulation. The merger gives rise to a large-scale intracluster shock, which compresses the gas and aligns the magnetic field along the shock front. The in-falling subcluster also triggers gas sloshing near the cluster center, resulting in the formation of cold fronts. Our ray-tracing calculations revealed that, generally, bright sources do not experience any significant changes in polarisation, whereas faint sources either get severely depolarised or enhanced as their radiation propagates through the intracluster medium. I will highlight the physical conditions under which polarisation may change significantly along the line-of-sight and discuss how these may impact our interpretations of radio observations, particularly with the SKA.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Contribution of star-forming galaxies to the cosmic gamma-ray background
2025年11月14日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
Junling Chen (東京大学 大学院数理科学研究科 博士課程)
Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has measured the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) radiation in the energy range of 100 MeV to 820 GeV. Several candidate γ -ray sources have been proposed as the candidate components of the unresolved EGB, including active galactic nuclei (AGNs), millisecond pulsars, dark matter annihilation, and star-forming galaxies (SFGs), but their quantitative contribution has not yet been precisely determined. In this talk, I will introduce our latest physical model describing the gamma-ray emission mechanism from SFGs, and our estimate of the contribution of SFGs based on careful calibration with gamma-ray luminosities of nearby galaxies and physical quantities (star formation rate, stellar mass, and size) of galaxies observed by high-redshift galaxy surveys.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Pairing in Bose-Fermi and Fermi-Fermi systems
2025年11月6日(木) 15:00 - 16:30
Pierbiagio Pieri (Associate Professor, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Università di Bologna, Italy)
This seminar is co-hosted by GWX-EOS Working Group and iTHEMS-ABBL Joint Astro Study Group. Abstract: In the first part of my talk, I will review recent work on Bose-Fermi mixtures with an attractive interaction inducing pairing between bosons and fermions. After discussing a recent experiment on this system [1], which has confirmed predictions obtained by us some time ago within a many-body diagrammatic approach [2], I will present novel results for the compressibility [3] that suggest a metastable nature for the many-body phase observed in [1]. Then, I will discuss the extension of our calculations to two-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures [4,5]. The results obtained in 2D challenge previous beliefs formulated for 3D systems. In the second part, I will discuss attractive polarized Fermi systems, for which the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase was proposed many years ago as a possible superfluid phase. I will discuss how significant precursor FFLO fluctuation effects appear already in the normal phase of polarized Fermi gases at finite temperature [6], and how they could be experimentally detected with ultracold gases. At zero temperature [7], I will discuss how the quasi-particle parameters of the normal Fermi gas change when approaching an FFLO quantum critical point, with a complete breakdown of the quasi-particle picture analogous to what found in heavy-fermion materials at an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point. Finally, I will discuss a recent joint experimental-theoretical work on the motion of a vortex orbiting a pinned anti-vortex in a strongly interacting Fermi gas [8], highlighting the interplay between Andreev bound states in the vortex core and delocalized thermal excitations in shaping the vortex dynamics.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Particle-in-Cell Simulations on Collisionless Shocks and Particle Acceleration in Black Hole Coronae
2025年10月16日(木) 14:00 - 15:15
Nhat-Minh Ly (大阪大学 大学院理学研究科 博士課程)
Multiple nearby Active Galactic Nuclei have been reported as sources of high-energy neutrinos detected by the IceCube observatory. These results strongly suggest efficient proton acceleration to (sub-)PeV energies, likely within Black Hole (BH) coronae, given the lack of γ-ray counterparts. The acceleration mechanisms remain unconfirmed due to limited understanding of coronal environments and challenges in modeling hot, relativistic plasmas. Although diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) has been proposed, a self-consistent treatment incorporating detailed kinetic plasma effects has been lacking. In this study, we present the particle-in-cell (PIC) method as a first-principles approach to investigate particle acceleration by collisionless shocks under conditions inferred from multi-wavelength observations of BH coronae. Using large-scale 1D3V simulations, we surveyed shock parameters, focusing on underexplored effects such as initial ion–electron temperature ratios and trans-relativistic shock velocities, and found that collisionless shocks can form even in hot, low-Mach plasmas. These shocks accelerate protons up to ~100 TeV, consistent with the energies required for IceCube neutrino detections, across a wide range of coronal conditions. The shocks partition ~10% of dissipated energy into nonthermal protons and <1% into electrons, providing critical, observationally testable constraints on the plasma state of BH coronae.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
A Continuous Galactic Line Source of Axions: The Remarkable Case of 23Na
2025年9月30日(火) 14:00 - 15:00
ウィック・ハクストン (Professor, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, USA)
While it is unusual for odd-A nuclear species to be abundant in massive stars, 23Na is an interesting exception. Typically 0.1 solar masses of 23Na is synthesized during the carbon burning phase of supernova and ONeMg white dwarf progenitors, then maintained at approximately 10^9 K for periods ranging up to 60,000 years. Under these conditions, 23Na can pump the thermal energy of the star into escaping axions: the mechanism is the Boltzmann occupation of and subsequent axion emission from the 440 keV level. We develop a galactic model to show that the resulting flux of line axions is continuous, arising from hundreds of contributing sources. As they travel through the intra-galactic magnetic field, some of these axions convert to detectable gamma rays. Consequently, future all-sky detectors like COSI will be able to set new limits on light axion-like particles. Other interesting aspects of these axions will be discussed.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Confined Circumstellar Material as a Dust Formation Site in Type II Supernovae
2025年9月26日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
武井 勇樹 (京都大学 基礎物理学研究所 特定研究員)
Some massive stars undergo episodic mass loss shortly before core-collapse, producing dense circumstellar material (CSM) in their immediate surroundings. If the supernova (SN) ejecta strongly interacts with such CSM, narrow emission lines appear in the spectrum, classifying the event as Type IIn. In these cases, efficient radiative cooling forms a cold, dense shell (CDS), providing ideal conditions for dust condensation. Infrared observations of several SNe IIn have indeed confirmed newly formed dust. Recent time-domain surveys, however, suggest that compact and dense CSM, often termed “confined CSM”, is also present around a broader class of Type II SN progenitors with hydrogen-rich envelopes, beyond the traditional Type IIn subclass. This raises the possibility that dust formation in dense CSM is more common among core-collapse SNe than previously thought. In this talk, I will demonstrate that CDS formation occurs robustly across a wide parameter space for confined CSM using numerical simulations based on the open-source code CHIPS. I will also discuss the resulting dust mass and infrared emission, as well as the potential contribution of this process to the galactic dust budget.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Dust formation in the universe: reconstructing of theoretical models
2025年8月29日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
田中 今日子 (東京女子大学 現代教養学部 情報数理科学科 特任准教授)
The formation process of cosmic dust is the starting point of solid matter and is important for understanding the evolution of cosmic material and planet formation processes. The nucleation process at the initial stage of the phase transition is a key to how cosmic dust is formed and evolves. Recent studies of the nucleation have shown possibilities that are very different from the theoretical models that have been considered so far. We have investigated the nucleation process using molecular dynamics simulations, which allow us to observe the nucleation process at the molecular level and obtain new information. We also present our attempt to develop and reconstruct a new theoretical model to elucidate a comprehensive picture of cosmic dust formation in collaboration with experiments.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
磁気回転効果による中性子星の自転と中性子スピンの間の角運動量変換
2025年8月28日(木) 10:00 - 12:00
舟木 博志 (慶応義塾大学 理工学部 特任助教)
[NOTE] 本インフォーマルセミナーは長瀧天体ビッグバン研究室により主に企画されており、日本語で行われます。また、GWX-EOS Working Group および iTHEMS-ABBL Joint Astro Study Groupとのジョイントイベントです。 概要: 本講演では、中性子星のクラストとコアの間で角運動量が交換される新たなメカニズムを、磁気回転効果を介して提案する。拡張された流体力学を用いることで、中性子星の自転に相当するマクロな角運動量と、中性子の軌道およびスピンから生じるミクロな角運動量の相互作用を取り込む。クラストにおけるマクロスケールな回転がコア内のミクロスケール角運動量に影響を与え、中性子スピン偏極を引き起こすことを明らかにし、(反)グリッチの代替シナリオを提案する。本研究は、中性子星物理学でこれまで見逃されていたマルチスケール角運動量相互変換を浮き彫りにし、磁気回転天文学の新たな道が拓かれると期待される。
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 日本語
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セミナー
From Galaxies to Cosmological Structures: The Multi-Scale Influence of Cosmic Rays
2025年6月13日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
Ellis Owen (理化学研究所 開拓研究所 (PRI) 長瀧天体ビッグバン研究室 基礎科学特別研究員)
Cosmic rays interact with astrophysical systems over a broad range of scales. They go hand-in-hand with violent, energetic astrophysical environments, and are an active agent able to regulate the evolution and physical conditions of galactic and circum-galactic ecosystems. Depending on their energy, cosmic rays can also escape from their galactic environments of origin, and propagate into larger-scale cosmological structures. In this talk, I will discuss the impacts of cosmic rays retained in galaxies. I will show they can deposit energy and momentum to alter the initial conditions of star-formation, modify the circulation of baryons around galaxies, and have the potential to regulate long-term galaxy evolution. I will highlight some of the astrophysical consequences of contained hadronic and leptonic cosmic rays in and around galaxies, and how their influence can be probed using signatures including X-rays, gamma-rays and neutrinos. I will also discuss what happens to the cosmic rays that escape from galaxies, including their interactions with the magnetized large-scale structures of our Universe, and the fate of distant high-energy cosmic rays that do not reach us on Earth.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
SISSI: Supernovae in a Shearing, Stratified Interstellar Medium
2025年5月23日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
Leonard Romano (Ph.D. Student, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany)
Supernovae (SNe) are an important driver of the multiphase structure in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) and play an important role for regulating star formation. SNe inflate large bubbles of hot gas dubbed Supernova Remnants (SNRs) that can remain hot for several 10⁵-10⁶ years, contributing substantially to the volume filling hot phase, galactic outflows and the driving of turbulence in the ISM. In this talk, I am presenting the results of zoom-in simulations of SNRs embedded in a simulated isolated Milky-Way analogue, in order to investigate how environmental effects like shear, vertical stratification and a self-consistently generated ISM can affect various properties of SNRs. I find that initially microscopic SNRs, whose dynamics are dominated by local shock physics, after a few Myr enter a mesoscopic regime, where their dynamics are increasingly dominated by galactic scale processes. Based on these findings, I make predictions about SN-driven large-scale structure, such as galactic outflows and the geometry of large superbubbles in disk galaxies.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Insights on Issues in the Cold Dark Matter Hypothesis
2025年4月25日(金) 14:00 - 15:15
Yuka Kaneda (筑波大学 数理物質科学研究群 物理学学位プログラム 博士課程)
Dark matter accounts for 85% of the matter component of our universe, but its true nature is still unclear. The Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model, which thought to be the standard model, reproduces well the statistical properties of the large-scale structure of our universe. However, at the scale of galaxies and dwarf galaxies, serious discrepancies between the predictions of the CDM model and observations have been pointed out. In this study, we tackle on the “cusp-core problem” and the “missing satellite problem,” which are typical examples of such discrepancies, using N-body simulations. In the talk, the physical trigger of cusp-to-core transition and the novel method to find missed satellites are presented.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Fast radio bursts as precursor radio emission from monster shocks
2025年3月21日(金) 16:00 - 17:15
Arno Vanthieghem (Assistant Professor, Observatoire de Paris and Sorbonne Université, France)
It has been proposed recently that the breaking of MHD waves in the inner magnetosphere of strongly magnetized neutron stars can power different types of high-energy transients. Motivated by these considerations, we study the steepening and dissipation of a strongly magnetized fast magnetosonic wave propagating in a declining background magnetic field, by means of particle-in-cell simulations that encompass MHD scales. Our analysis confirms the formation of a monster shock, that dissipates about half of the fast magnetosonic wave energy. It also reveals, for the first time, the generation of a high-frequency precursor wave by a synchrotron maser instability at the monster shock front, carrying a fraction of 0.1% of the total energy dissipated at the shock. The spectrum of the precursor wave exhibits several sharp harmonic peaks, with frequencies in the GHz band under conditions anticipated in magnetars. Such signals may appear as fast radio bursts.
会場: セミナー室 (359号室) 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催
イベント公式言語: 英語