セミナー

Time-dependent bias emerges in population models with broad offspring number distributions

2020年7月29日(水) 10:00 - 11:00

岡田 崇 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 上級研究員)

It has been increasingly recognized that natural populations exhibit broad offspring number distributions, either because offspring numbers are strongly variable (e.g. marine organisms) or because range expansion processes generate jackpot events. In this talk, I will review the basic concepts of theoretical population genetics and then discuss how broad offspring number distributions affect the evolutionary dynamics.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

DMWG special seminar : “The result of the XENON1T experiment and its implications”

2020年7月22日(水) 15:30 - 17:00

山下 雅樹 (名古屋大学 宇宙地球環境研究所 宇宙線研究部 特任准教授)

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 日本語

Human Time vs. Mouse Time in Embryonic Development

2020年7月17日(金) 16:00 - 17:00

戎家 美紀 (Group Leader, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain)

Different species have different tempos of development: larger animals tend to grow more slowly than smaller animals. My group has been trying to understand the molecular basis of this interspecies difference in developmental time, using the segmentation clock as a model system. The segmentation clock is the oscillatory gene expressions that regulate the timing of body segment formation during early embryogenesis. We have recently succeeded in recapitulating the segmentation clock from both human and mouse pluripotent stem cells, detecting oscillations and traveling waves in vitro. Interestingly, the oscillation period of human segmentation clock was 5-6 hours while that of mouse was 2-3 hours. Taking advantage of our in vitro system and simple mathematical models, we have been comparing the genome sequences and molecular processes of the segmentation clock between human and mouse to explain the interspecies difference in the oscillation period.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Topological data analysis from a practical and mathematical perspective

2020年7月15日(水) 16:00 - 18:10

池 祐一 (株式会社富士通研究所 人工知能研究所 研究員)

1. Topological data analysis and its applications In this talk, I will explain some methods in topological data analysis (TDA) and their applications. First I recall persistent homology, which is a central tool to analyze the "shape" of a point cloud set. Then I show several applications to material science and time-series analysis. I also talk about our collaborative research with Inria on noise-robust persistent homology and an automated vectorization method of persistence diagrams. 2. Persistence-like distance on sheaf category and displacement energy In this talk, I will talk about relation among sheaf theory, persistence modules, and symplectic geometry. We introduce a persistence-like distance on Tamarkin sheaf category and prove a stability result with respect to Hamiltonian deformation of sheaves. Based on this result, we propose a new sheaf-theoretic method to give a lower bound of the displacement energy of compact subsets of a cotangent bundle. This is a joint work with Tomohiro Asano.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Application of geometry to protein structure analysis

2020年7月15日(水) 14:00 - 15:00

根上 春 (東京大学 工学系研究科先端学際工学専攻 博士課程)

Geometry is applied in various fields as a method for revealing the structure of data. In this seminar, I will introduce the topological method, fatgraph model, to classify protein structures. I will also introduce another related geometric model and its application to viral glycoprotein analysis. This method provides an a priori prediction of structural rearrangement of proteins.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Search for ultralight dark matter with laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors

2020年7月13日(月) 10:00 - 11:00

道村 唯太 (東京大学 大学院理学系研究科 物理学専攻 助教)

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Complex Langevin study of an attractively interacting two-component Fermi gas in 1D with population imbalance

2020年7月10日(金) 13:30 - 14:30

筒井 翔一朗 (理化学研究所 仁科加速器科学研究センター (RNC) 量子ハドロン物理学研究室 基礎科学特別研究員)

We investigate an attractively interacting two-component Fermi gas in 1D described by the Gaudin-Yang model with population imbalance. While the Gaudin-Yang model is known as a solvable model based on the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, the binding energy and mass of poralon at finite temperature and moderate impurity density are still unknown. Moreover, in such a system, quantum Monte Carlo simulation suffers from the sign problem because the population imbalance makes the fermion determinant non-positive definite. In this study, we apply complex Langevin method, a holomorphic extension of the stochastic quantization to overcome the sign problem. We first confirm our numerical results satisfy a criteria for correct convergence [1], and present how the polaron energy depends on temperature and density of impurity. We also compare our results with a recent study based on a diagrammatic approach [2].

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Constrained evolution of animal embryogenesis

2020年7月8日(水) 10:00 - 11:00

内田 唯 (理化学研究所 生命機能科学研究センター (BDR) 多階層生命動態研究チーム 基礎科学特別研究員)

Animals have developed a great variety of morphologies during the course of evolution. Despite this, phylogeny-specific features have sometimes been maintained for hundreds of millions of years, suggesting that there are constraints to morphological evolution. In my talk, I will introduce some of general motivations behind the EvoDevo study and talk particularly about the blank space in morphospaces (Each axis of a morphospace corresponds to a variable describing morphological features). It remains to be seen if these blank areas are caused by impossible developmental pathways. However, computer simulations of embryogenesis, which has been proposed in recent years, may provide a clue to a solution. Finally, I’m going to talk about my research plan based on this.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Waveform Analysis of Biological Rhythms

2020年7月1日(水) 10:00 - 11:00

儀保 伸吾 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 特別研究員)

Nonlinear oscillatory phenomena often emerge in various systems, for example circadian rhythms in biological systems and acoustic vibrations in engineering. Analysis and control of these oscillatory phenomena are one of the big problems in science and technology. My main research field is biological oscillations, especially circadian clocks. The circadian clocks are based on gene-activity rhythms with approximately 24-hour period, and its temporal waveforms are of various shapes. Recently, we theoretically showed that the period of circadian clocks is proportional to the waveform distortion from sinusoidal waves. Interestingly, we found the waveform is important for periods not only in biological oscillations but also in several other types of nonlinear oscillator models.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Universal Error Bound for Constrained Quantum Dynamics

2020年6月24日(水) 16:00 - 18:10

濱崎 立資 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 上級研究員 / 理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 濱崎非平衡量子統計力学理研白眉研究チーム 理研白眉研究チームリーダー)

In quantum mechanics, the existence of large energy gaps allows us to trace out the degrees of freedom of irrelevant energy scale. Consequently, we can treat a system within a constrained subspace obtained by the projection of the total Hilbert space. While this statement has widely been used to approximate quantum dynamics in various contexts, a general and quantitative justification stays lacking. In this talk, we show a universal and rigorous error bound for such a constrained-dynamics approximation in generic gapped quantum systems [1,2]. This universal bound is a linear function of time that only involves the energy gap and coupling strength, provided that the latter is much smaller than the former. If time allows, I will briefly talk about generalizations of our result to e.g., quantum many-body systems and open quantum systems.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Dark Matter Heating vs. Rotochemical Heating in Old Neutron Stars

2020年6月22日(月) 16:00 - 17:00

濱口 幸一 (東京大学 大学院理学系研究科 准教授)

*Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Information geometry of operator scaling

2020年6月17日(水) 16:00 - 18:10

相馬 輔 (東京大学 大学院情報理工学系研究科 助教)

Matrix scaling is a classical problem with a wide range of applications. It is known that the Sinkhorn algorithm for matrix scaling is interpreted as alternating e-projections from the viewpoint of classical information geometry. Recently, a generalization of matrix scaling to completely positive maps called operator scaling has been found to appear in various fields of mathematics and computer science, and the Sinkhorn algorithm has been extended to operator scaling. In this study, the operator Sinkhorn algorithm is studied from the viewpoint of quantum information geometry through the Choi representation of completely positive maps. The operator Sinkhorn algorithm is shown to coincide with alternating e-projections with respect to the symmetric logarithmic derivative metric, which is a Riemannian metric on the space of quantum states relevant to quantum estimation theory. This talk is based on joint work with Takeru Matsuda.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Field theoretical approach to relativistic hydrodynamics

2020年6月12日(金) 13:00 - 14:30

本郷 優 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 客員研究員 / Postdoctoral Research Associate, Physics Department, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), USA)

Hydrodynamics is a low-energy effective theory of a conserved charge density, which describes a long-distance and long-time behavior of many-body systems. It is applicable not only to a non-relativistic weakly-interacting dilute gas but also a relativistic strongly-interacting dense liquid like a quark-gluon plasma. The main purpose of this seminar is to explain how we can derive the hydrodynamic equation from the underlying field-theoretical description of systems [1-3]. Our derivation is based on the recent development of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and we show that the procedure to derive hydrodynamic equations is similar to the so-called renormalized/optimized perturbation theory. Also, to describe transport phenomena in local thermal equilibrium, we give a path-integral formula for a thermodynamic functional, which results in the emergence of thermally induced curved spacetime [2]. These results enable us to derive hydrodynamic equation based on quantum field theories.

イベント公式言語: 英語

The effect of the early kinetic decoupling in a fermionic dark matter model

2020年6月12日(金) 10:00 - 11:00

阿部 智広 (名古屋大学 素粒子宇宙起源研究所 (KMI) 特任助教)

*Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Turing Patterns in Biology and Beyond

2020年6月10日(水) 10:00 - 10:45

スクロツキ マーティン (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 客員研究員 / Fellow, German Academic Scholarship Foundation, Germany)

In his 1952 paper "The chemical basis of morphogenesis", Alan M. Turing presented a model for the formation of skin patterns. While it took several decades, the model has been validated, e.g. in the skin pattern formation of zebrafish. More surprising, seemingly unrelated pattern formations can also be studied via the model, like e.g. the formation of plant patches around termite hills. In 1984, David A. Young proposed a discretization of Turing's model, reducing it to a activator/inhibitor process on a discrete domain. In my talk, I will present both the model of Turing and its discretization. We will then consider a generalization to pattern-formation in three-dimensional space and investigate the related parameter space.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Quantification model of energy of loop structure on biopolymer

2020年6月3日(水) 10:00 - 10:45

横田 宏 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 特別研究員)

During cell division, the chromatin fiber condenses into a rod-like shape, which is the so-called chromosome. The chromosome is constructed by consecutive chromatin loop structures whose excluded volume interaction gives chromosome its stiffness. So far, the energy source for the loop growing has remained a controversial issue. In this seminar, we quantify the energy source by calculating the free energy difference before and after a model polymer chain creating a loop structure.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Localization and universality in non-Hermitian many-body systems

2020年5月29日(金) 15:00 - 16:30

濱崎 立資 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 上級研究員 / 理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 濱崎非平衡量子統計力学理研白眉研究チーム 理研白眉研究チームリーダー)

Recent study on isolated quantum many-body systems have revealed two different phases distinguished by their dynamics and spectral statistics. One is an ergodic phase whose spectral statistics exhibit universality of random matrices, and the other is a many-body localized phase where dynamics is constrained due to strong disorder. In this talk, we show that novel and rich physics concerning such localization and universality appears in non-Hermitian many-body systems, which have been utilized in diverse scientific disciplines from open quantum systems to biology. As a first topic, we analyze non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems in the presence of interaction and disorder [1]. We demonstrate that a novel real-complex transition occurs upon many-body localization of non-Hermitian interacting systems with asymmetric hopping that respect time-reversal symmetry. As a second topic, we show that “Dyson’s threefold way,” a threefold symmetry classification of universal spectral statistics of random matrices, is nontrivially extended to non-Hermitian random matrices [2]. We report our discovery of two distinct universality classes characterized by transposition symmetry, which is distinct from time-reversal symmetry due to non-Hermiticity. We show that the newly found universality classes indeed manifest themselves in dissipative quantum many-body ergodic systems described by Lindblad equations.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Knotted 2-spheres in the 4-space and Yang-Mills gauge theory

2020年5月27日(水) 16:00 - 18:10

谷口 正樹 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 基礎科学特別研究員)

The classification problem of knots is one of the central topics in a study of topology. In the first part, we review classical knot theory and theory of 2-dimensional knots in the 4-dimensional space. In the second part, we focus on a problem considered in differential topology. In the studies of differential topology, people are interested in the difference between continuous and smooth. As the main result of this talk, we introduce a theorem that tells us the difference between continuous and smooth 2-dimensional knots. The proof uses Yang-Mills gauge theory for 4-manifolds obtained by the surgery of 2-knots.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Forgetting in Reinforcement Learning Links Sustained Dopamine Signals to Motivation

2020年5月27日(水) 10:00 - 10:45

加藤 郁佳 (理化学研究所 脳神経科学研究センター (CBS) / 東京大学 博士課程)

Dopamine (DA) has been suggested to have two reward-related roles: (1) representing reward-prediction-error (RPE), and (2) providing motivational drive. Role(1) is based on the physiological results that DA responds to unpredicted but not predicted reward, whereas role(2) is supported by the pharmacological results that blockade of DA signaling causes motivational impairments such as slowdown of self-paced behavior. Whereas synaptic/circuit mechanisms for role(1), i.e., how RPE is calculated in the upstream of DA neurons and how RPE-dependent update of learned-values occurs through DA-dependent synaptic plasticity, have now become clarified, mechanisms for role(2) remain unclear. We modeled self-paced behavior by a series of ‘Go’ or ‘No-Go’ selections in the framework of reinforcement-learning assuming DA's role(1), and demonstrated that incorporation of decay/forgetting of learned-values, which is presumably implemented as decay of synaptic strengths storing learned-values, provides a potential unified mechanistic account for the DA's two roles, together with its various temporal patterns.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Gradient Flow Equation and Its Applications

2020年5月15日(金) 13:30 - 15:00

菊地 健吾 (理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム (iTHEMS) 基礎科学特別研究員)

Gradient flow is the one of the methods to suppress the ultraviolet divergence in gauge theories. The any correlation functions in terms of the flowed field, which is defined by the gradient flow equation, are finite without additional renormalizations. Because of this surprising property, the methods has been studied widely, especially in the lattice field theory. In this seminar, we introduce what the gradient flow is briefly. And we show our work, “generalized gradient flow equation”, which is the gradient flow equation for field theories with nonlinearly realized symmetry. Applying the formalism to a supersymmetric theory and O(N) non linear sigma model, we obtain the SUSY gradient flow and the Large N gradient flow. We also refer to the current research, the gradient flow of the supersymmetric theory with the non-renormalization theorem and the new formalism to obtain the sphalerons, which is one of the static classical solutions, using gradient flow methods, if time allows.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語