“Quantum-like Modeling” in Biology, Cognitive & Social Sciences

2024年1月26日(金) 9:30 - 17:00

近年、開放量子系(Open Quantum System)として生物・認知・社会現象をとらえて、それらの背後に潜む基本原理をいわゆる『Quantum-Like Modeling』をとおして数理的に定義することによって、これまで定性的な記述的論理構築に留まっていた現象を、厳密な定量解析の対象としようとする気運が熟そうとしている。そこで、関連する各分野での先端的な挑戦に着手している研究者による話題提供(15 分程度)と、数名の指定討論者によるコメント(5 分程度)を皮切りとした、参加者全員による自由闊達なブレーンストーミング(30 分程度)を企画した。各セッションでは、下記の様なごくおおまかな展望のもとに、参加者それぞれの研究の将来の発展可能性を大胆に広く探るような、胸躍る議論を期待したい。 プログラム 09:30~10:00 導入・背景(入來篤史・初田哲男) 導入1：開催趣旨(入來)−量子認知、Open Quantum System の黎明 導入2：RIKEN Quantum(初田)−量子計算の現状と展望 10:10~11:00 量子的現象(⻄郷甲矢人)：討論―小澤、江守 話題：JST-CREST 課題を中心に Open Quantum System 全体の概観を解説 討論：量子論的数理を用いた一般現象のモデリング・解釈の可能性と期待 11:10~12:00 新しい数学(小澤正直)：討論―小谷、初田 話題：非可換な順序効果の理論とブレークスルーにおける新しい数学理論 討論：実験家と数学者との相補的共働のデザインと「新しい数学」の創造 (昼休み) 13:30~14:20 生物学考察(磯村拓哉)：討論―桜田、石川 話題：ベイズ推論変分自由エネルギー原理における経路積分的手法 討論：生物学・脳神経科学・認知科学と精神医学における量子論的解釈 14:30~15:20 人文社会科学(田中彰吾)：討論―大村、池田 話題：原子論的人間観から量子メタファーによる人間と社会の理解へ 討論：人文社会科学における量子的現象と量子計算の社会実装の可能性 15:50~17:00 総合討論(司会・話題提供：入來篤史) 話題：「人間現象」の進化/歴史の経路積分・量子論的解釈と Quantum-Like Modeling 討論：フリー ブレーン ストーミング 登壇者(登壇順) 入來篤史 (CREST マルチセンシング領域 研究総括/理研 未来戦略室) 初田哲男 (理研 数理創造プログラム(iTHEMS)/CREST マルチセンシング領域 アドバイザー) ⻄郷甲矢人 (CREST マルチセンシング領域/⻑浜バイオ大学 フロンティアバイオサイエンス学科) 小澤正直 (理研 未来戦略室/中部大学 創発学術院 AI 数理データサイエンスセンター) 江守陽規 (理研 未来戦略室/北海道大学 工学部 光エレクトロニクス研究室) 小谷元子 (理研 数理創造プログラム(iTHEMS)/東北大学 理学部 数学科) 磯村拓哉 (CREST マルチセンシング領域/理研 脳神経科学研究センター 脳型知能理論研究ユニット) 桜田一洋 (AMED-CREST マルチセンシング領域 アドバイザー/理研 情報統合本部/慶應義塾大学医学部) 石川哲朗 (理研 情報統合本部 医療データ数理推論チーム/慶應義塾大学医学部 拡張知能医学講座) 田中彰吾 (CREST マルチセンシング領域/東海大学 文明研究所) 大村敬一 (放送大学 教養学部) 池田裕一 (京都大学 総合生存学館)

会場: 大河内記念ホール (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 日本語

Quantum Enhancement in Dark Matter Detection with Quantum Computation

2024年1月22日(月) 16:00 - 18:00

Thanaporn Sichanugrist (東京大学 大学院数理科学研究科 博士課程)
陳 詩遠 (東京大学 素粒子物理国際研究センター (ICEPP) 特任助教)

Title: Wave-like Dark Matter Search Using Qubits Abstract: The rapid controllability required for quantum computers makes the currently proposed quantum bit modalities also attractive as electromagnetic field sensors. One of the promising applications is wave-like dark matter searches, where the electric field converted from the coherent dark matter excites the qubits, leading to detectable signals [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 211001]. The quantum coherence between the qubits can be utilized to enhance the signal rate in a multi-qubit system. By designing an appropriate quantum circuit to entangle the qubits, it was found that the signal rate can scale proportionally to $n_q^2$, with $n_q$ being the number of sensor qubits, rather than linearly with $n_q$ [arXiv: 2311.10413]. In the seminar, we overview the theoretical framework of the search, elaborate on the signal-enhancing mechanism driven by quantum entanglement with specific examples of the quantum circuits, and discuss how the scheme can be implemented in the platform of future fault-tolerant quantum computers. We also provide the introduction of the experimental realization, and report the status of the experimental works carried out in UTokyo/ICEPP.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Knot Theory in Doubly Periodic Tangles and Applications

2024年1月19日(金) 15:00 - 16:30

ソニア・マムーディ (東北大学 材料科学高等研究所 (AIMR) 数学連携グループ 助教)

Doubly periodic entangled structures offer an interesting framework for modeling and investigating diverse materials and physical phenomena, from micro to large scales. Specifically, a doubly periodic tangle (DP tangle) is characterized as an embedding of an infinite number of curves in the thickened plane, derived as the lift of a link in the thickened torus to the universal cover. DP tangles play a crucial role in scientific research, particularly in fields such as materials science, molecular chemistry, and biology. Despite their widespread applications, a universally accepted mathematical description of DP tangles is currently lacking. One of the key challenges arises from the infinite possibilities in choosing a periodic cell (referred to as a motif) for a DP tangle, taking into account various periodic boundary conditions. In this presentation, we conduct a comprehensive examination of the concept of topological equivalence of DP tangles, offering insights into potential classifications and applications in the process.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催

イベント公式言語: 英語

Quantum features in cosmological perturbations?

2024年1月18日(木) 14:15 - 15:00

アモリ・ミケリ (数理創造プログラム 特別研究員)

The statistical properties of the CMB anisotropies, reflecting the curvature inhomogeneities in the very early Universe, are very well accounted for by assuming that the inhomogeneities come from amplified vacuum fluctuations. This scenario makes the cosmological perturbations a possible observational window on the interplay between quantum degrees of freedom and gravity. I will review the discussions on the current presence or absence of quantum features in the perturbations, emphasising the quantum information approaches to this question, and comment on the observability of these features.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催

イベント公式言語: 英語

Gravitational lensing on superposed curved spacetime

2024年1月18日(木) 13:30 - 14:15

郭 優佳 (名古屋大学 大学院理学研究科 博士課程)

In 2017, Bose et al. proposed a tabletop experiment to observe the gravitational effect induced by a spatially superposed mass source, particularly gravity-induced entanglement. This experiment is expected to be the first step in exploring the quantum nature of gravity. Also, there are ongoing efforts to extend their proposal to the relativistic region to observe the unique quantum nature of gravity. In this talk, I will investigate gravitational lensing in a weak gravitational field induced by a spatially superposed mass source. I will show the Einstein ring image of a quantum scalar field propagated on a superposed curved spacetime and compare it with the image of the semi-classical gravity case. This work is currently in progress and is a collaboration with Yasusada Nambu.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催

イベント公式言語: 英語

Bayesian mechanics of classical, neural, and quantum systems

2024年1月17日(水) 16:30 - 17:45

磯村 拓哉 (理化学研究所 脳神経科学研究センター (CBS) 脳型知能理論研究ユニット ユニットリーダー)

(This is a joint seminar with iTHEMS Biology group.) Bayesian mechanics is a framework that addresses dynamical systems that can be conceptualised as Bayesian inference. However, the elucidation of requisite generative models is required for empirical applications to realistic self-organising systems. This talk introduces that the Hamiltonian of generic dynamical systems constitutes a class of generative models, thus rendering their Helmholtz energy naturally equivalent to variational free energy under the identified generative model. The self-organisation that minimises the Helmholtz energy entails matching the system's Hamiltonian with that of the environment, leading to an ensuing emergence of their generalised synchrony. In short, these self-organising systems can be read as performing variational Bayesian inference of the interacting environment. These properties have been demonstrated with coupled oscillators, simulated and living neural networks, and quantum computers. This notion offers foundational characterisations and predictions regarding asymptotic properties of self-organising systems exchanging with the environment, providing insights into potential mechanisms underlying emergence of intelligence.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Methods for neural decoding using machine learning, deep learning, and quantum-inspired algorithms

2024年1月17日(水) 15:00 - 16:15

間島 慶 (量子科学技術研究開発機構 (QST) 研究員)

Note: The format of this event has changed from hybrid to Zoom only. However, you will still be able to watch it on the screen in Room #359 of the Main Research Building. (This is a joint seminar with iTHEMS Biology group.) Recent advances in machine learning have enabled the extraction of intrinsic information from neural activities, a field known as neural decoding. In this presentation, I will introduce several machine learning methods recently developed for neural decoding analysis: 1) a method for visualizing subjective images in the human mind based on brain activity [1], 2) a supervised algorithm designed for predicting discrete ordinal variables [2], and 3) a fast classical algorithm algorithm inspired by quantum computation for approximating principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), potentially allowing for the analysis of vast-dimensional neural data [3]. Following these presentations, I am eager to engage in discussions with participants at the RIKEN Quantum Seminar regarding potential collaborations.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Dust-driven instabilities in protoplanetary disks: toward understanding formation of planetesimals

2024年1月17日(水) 10:30 - 11:30

冨永 遼佑 (理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 坂井星・惑星形成研究室 基礎特別研究員)

Planet formation starts from collisional growth of sub-micron-sized dust grains in a gas disk called a protoplanetary disk. They are expected to grow toward km-sized objects called planetesimals. The resulting planetesimals further coalesce by gravity and form planets. However, there are some barriers preventing planetesimal formation, which includes fast radial drift and collisional fragmentation of dust grains. To circumvent the barriers and to explain planetesimal formation, previous studies have proposed hydrodynamic instabilities of dusty-gas disks. The instabilities can cause dust clumping, and planetesimals form if the resulting clumps collapse self-gravitationally. We have been investigating the linear/nonlinear development of these dust-gas instabilities. We also found a new instability driven by collisional growth of dust, which can bridge a potential gap between the first dust growth and the later planetesimal formation via the previous instabilities. In this talk, I will introduce our work on the dust-driven instabilities and their impact on planetesimal formation.

会場: 研究本館 3階 359号室とZoomのハイブリッド開催

イベント公式言語: 英語

Does horizontal gene transfer stabilize cooperation in bacteria?

2024年1月16日(火) 16:00 - 17:00

Anna Dewar (Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, UK)

Bacteria are highly social. Much of this sociality occurs through the production of cooperative ‘public goods’. Unlike in animals, bacterial genes are able to transfer horizontally between individuals, in addition to vertically via descendants. This widespread horizontal gene transfer has implications for the concept of relatedness and how cooperation is maintained in bacteria. It has been suggested that horizontal gene transfer, particularly via small segments of DNA called plasmids, could stabilize cooperation in bacteria. Transfer of a cooperative gene could turn non-cooperative ‘cheats’ into cooperators, preventing cheats from invading and destabilizing cooperation. We tested this with a comparative analysis across bacterial species. In contrast to the predictions of the hypothesis, we found that genes for cooperative traits were not more likely to be carried on either: (1) plasmids compared to chromosomes; or (2) plasmids that transfer at higher rates. Our results were supported by theoretical modelling which showed that, while horizontal gene transfer can help cooperative genes initially invade a population, it has less influence on the longer-term maintenance of cooperation.

会場: via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Probing structure of neutron stars through X-ray bursters

2024年1月12日(金) 14:00 - 15:15

土肥 明 (理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 長瀧天体ビッグバン研究室 基礎科学特別研究員)

Type-I X-ray bursts are rapidly brightening phenomena triggered by the nuclear burning of light elements near the surface of accreting neutron stars. Most of the X-ray bursters show irregular behavior of light curves. However, some X-ray bursters are somehow quite regular, i.e., constant recurrence time and constant shaper of light curves, and are often called Clocked bursters, which are powerful sites to probe uncertainties of many model parameters such as accretion rate, the composition of accreted matter, reaction rates, neutron star structure, and temperature. In this study, we focus on the uncertainties of the equation of states, which determines the latter two properties. Based on our numerical models covering whole areas of neutron stars, we will present their impact on X-ray burst light curves. Furthermore, we will discuss the possibility of constraining the equation of states from Clocked bursters such as GS 1826-24 and 1RXS J180408.9-342058.

会場: セミナー室 (359号室) (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語

Seoul National University student group visit

2024年1月10日(水) 14:00 - 20:00

カトゥリン・ボシゥメン (数理創造プログラム 副プログラムディレクター)
田中 章詞 (理化学研究所 革新知能統合研究センター (AIP) 上級研究員)
辰馬 未沙子 (数理創造プログラム 研究員)
難波 亮 (数理創造プログラム 上級研究員)
金 東昱 (数理創造プログラム 特別研究員)
シュテッフェン・バッケス (数理創造プログラム 上級研究員)

A group of 22 undergraduate students in the GLEAP programme at Seoul National University will visit iTHEMS to hear short talks by our members, exchange one-on-one, and visit our facilities. I would like to encourage all available iTHEMS members to take part in this event which will be held in different spaces throughout the day, all at the RIKEN Wako campus Main Research Building: 15:50-16:10 at iTHEMS Common Room (#246-248) Coffee break with iTHEMS members and SNU visitors 16:10-17:50 on 4th floor, room #435-437 Short talks by iTHEMS members 18:05-18:30 in 3rd floor common space Short intro talks by SNU visitors 18:30-20:00 in 3rd floor common space Free informal discussion between SNU visitors and iTHEMS members over some light food [Note some slight changes in the times previously announced]

会場: 研究本館 3階 共有スペース / 研究本館 435-437号室 / コモンルーム (246-248号室)

イベント公式言語: 英語

Symmetry Topological field theory for Subsystem symmetry

2024年1月9日(火) 15:00 - 16:00

Qiang Jia (Research Fellow, School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Republic of Korea)

We generalize the idea of symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT) to subsystem symmetry. We propose the 2-foliated BF theory with level N in (3+1)d as subsystem SymTFT for subsystem Z_N symmetry in (2+1)d. Focusing on N=2, we investigate various topological boundaries. The subsystem Kramers-Wannier and Jordan-Wigner dualities can be viewed as boundary transformations of the subsystem SymTFT and are included in a larger duality web from the subsystem SL(2,Z_2) symmetry of the bulk foliated BF theory.

会場: via Zoom / セミナー室 (359号室)

イベント公式言語: 英語

Functional Renormalization Group at Niigata 2024

2024年1月7日(日) - 8日(月)

ゲルゲイ・フェヨシュ (Assistant Professor, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
福嶋 健二 (東京大学 大学院理学系研究科 物理学専攻 教授)
奥西 巧一 (新潟大学 理学部 准教授)
春名 純一 (京都大学 大学院理学研究科 博士課程)
Xu-Guang Huang (Professor, Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University, China)
伊藤 克美 (新潟大学 教育学部 教授)
川名 清晴 (Research Fellow, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Republic of Korea)
藪中 俊介 (日本原子力研究開発機構 研究員)
横田 猛 (数理創造プログラム 基礎科学特別研究員)

One of the most fundamental challenges in theoretical physics is to uncover the physical properties of strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems. This problem is shared in both subatomic physics and condensed matter physics; e.g., to unveil ground state structures and dynamical aspects of quantum systems. However, it has been an unresolved issue to establish non-perturbative theoretical tools, which allows a reliable analytic approach to quantum many-body problems described by field theory. The Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) is proposed as one of the theoretical methods that facilitates the non-perturbative investigation of quantum many-body systems. The FRG has found applications in various fields of physics, ranging from particle and nuclear physics to condensed matter physics, leading to several unique achievements in each fields. The aim of this two-day workshop is to provide an overview of the recent applications and progress of FRG in various fields of physics, discuss future directions, and explore potential new collaborations that bridge different fields of physics.

会場: 開志専門職大学 米山キャンパス (メイン会場) / via Zoom

イベント公式言語: 英語