151件のイベント / 2022年
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セミナー
Journal Club: Phase separation in a many-component system with random interactions
2022年3月31日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
足立 景亮 (理化学研究所 生命機能科学研究センター (BDR) 生体非平衡物理学理研白眉研究チーム 基礎科学特別研究員)
Several kinds of protein condensates have been observed in living cells, and the liquid-liquid phase separation is regarded as a basic mechanism of the condensate formation. However, given that there are thousands of protein species in a cell, it is not clear how the number and the composition of distinct condensates are controlled. One of the physics approaches to this problem is considering a model of many components with random interactions. In this Journal Club, I will introduce a recent paper [1] that applies random-matrix theory to the phase separation dynamics.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Hydrodynamic theory of electron and spin transport
2022年3月30日(水) 13:30 - 15:00
多々良 源 (理化学研究所 創発物性科学研究センター (CEMS) スピン物性理論研究チーム チームリーダー)
Electron and spin transports in metals are theoretically studied from a hydrodynamic viewpoint by calculating momentum flux density as a linear response to an applied electric field. Dissipative (ohmic) fluid regime is considered. An angular momentum generation in chiral (Weyl) system and spin motive force (voltage generation) by magnetization-vorticity coupling in anomalous Hall system are discussed. The spin Hall effect is argued from the viewpoint of a spin-vorticity coupling.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Local and global topology for Dirac points with multi-helicoid surface states
2022年3月24日(木) 17:00 - 18:15
Tiantian Zhang (東京工業大学 理学院 特任助教)
Though topological invariants defined for topological semimetals are usually local ones, they also have a global nature. For example, the Z type local monopole charge C for Weyl points, has a global nature, telling us its influence to the rest of the Brillouin zone, giving rise to bulk-surface correspondence associated with helical surface states. In Dirac systems, helical surface states are not guaranteed due to C=0. However, a new bulk-surface correspondence associated with double/quad-helicoid surface states (DHSSs/QHSSs) can be obtained for Dirac points with the protection of a Z2 type monopole charge Q, which is defined in terms of the time-reversal (T)-glide (G) symmetry (TG)2= -1. Here we study the topology of Q for Z2 Dirac points and establish its bulk-surface correspondence with strict proofs. We find that Q is equivalent to the G-protected Z2 invariant v mathematically and physically in Z2 Dirac systems. This result is counterintuitive, since v is always trivial in T-preserving gapped systems, and was thought to be ill-defined in gapless systems. We offer a gauge-invariant formula for Q, which is associated with DHSSs in both the spinless and spinful systems with single G. Q is formulated in a simpler form in spinless systems with two vertical G, associated with QHSSs, which is also entangled with filling-enforced topological band insulators in three space groups when a T-breaking perturbation is introduced. Since Q is ill-defined in spinful systems with two vertical G, QHSSs will not be held. Material candidate Li2B4O7 together with a list of possible space groups preserving QHSSs are also proposed for demonstration on our theory and further studies. *Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Criticality in stochastic SIR model for infectious diseases based on path-integral approach
2022年3月24日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
安井 繁宏 (高知大学医学部 医療情報科学センター 助教)
The susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model provides us with a basic scheme for the analysis of the epidemic infectious diseases such as the COVID-19. In this presentation, we focus on the stochastic SIR model which describes the stochastic time-evolutions of the population sizes for the susceptible, infected, and removed individuals. We consider the master equation (Kolmogorov forward equation) for the infection transmission and recovery processes (SI->II and I->R), and transform it into the Hamiltonian formalism with the Fock space a la quantum physics. According to the Doi-Peliti prescription, furthermore, we introduce the path-integral formalism similar to the quantum field theory, and perform the perturbative and non-perturbative calculations for the time-evolution of the susceptible, infected, and removed populations. We find that the critical value Rc of the basic reproduction number, which determines the spreading or the convergence of the infectious diseases, can be modified by the stochastic effects in comparison to the Rc in the conventional deterministic SIR model.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Explore the possibility to control hurricanes
2022年3月18日(金) 16:00 - 18:00
Lin Li (理化学研究所 開拓研究本部 (CPR) 三好予測科学研究室 特別研究員)
Hurricanes, also known as tropical cyclones and typhoons, are the biggest and the most devastating storms on Earth. In this seminar, I will talk about the possibility to control hurricanes with existing human capability. Energetically speaking, controlling hurricanes is a very challenging task due to a large gap: hurricanes are gigantic heat engines with a power of around 1014 Watt, while the most powerful manmade engines have the power of only 108 Watt. This six-order-magnitude gap is the major obstacle toward using existing engines to control hurricanes. To fill in this gap, we propose to utilize the chaotic nature of hurricanes, namely, the sensitivity of a chaotic system to its initial condition, to control hurricanes. In this presentation, I will first review the basics of hurricanes and existing chaos control methods, and then present my thoughts on hurricane control and preliminary results I acquired since joining Prediction Science Laboratory. Future directions on using reinforcement learning to control hurricanes will also be discussed. Since it is a very challenging task, I welcome any discussions, questions, and comments. I hope we can make the hurricane-risk-free future come earlier.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Phylogenomics revealed one of the problems for phylogeny –The monophyly of Archaeplastida including land plant-
2022年3月17日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
矢﨑 裕規 (数理創造プログラム 特別研究員)
There are many problems between large eukaryotic lineages. One of these is the monophyly of Archaeplastida to which land plants and other photosynthetic organisms belong. Although it has been believed that the Archaeplastida are monophyletic because they share common chloroplast structures, several large-scale molecular phylogenetic analyses have failed to reproduce this phylogenetic relationship. In this study, by enhancing the taxon sampling of the data set, the monophyly of Archaeplastida was successfully reconstructed, showing that the taxa critical for the reconstruction are present. Through detailed molecular phylogenetic and statistical analyses, it was estimated that the lack of monophyly ofArchaeplastida is due to the specific evolutionary signals of certain taxa.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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特別講演会
【森重文×坂上貴之 特別対談】数学は社会でどういきている？ - 数学研究の本質を探る
2022年3月12日(土) 13:00 - 14:30
初田 哲男 (数理創造プログラム プログラムディレクター)
坂上 貴之 (京都大学 大学院理学研究科 数学教室 教授)
森 重文 (京都大学 高等研究院 (KUIAS) 院長)古くはナイル川の氾濫を防ぐための幾何学や、商売を円滑に行うための代数学など、数学は人間社会と共に長い年月をかけて発展してきました。現在でも私たちの生活や社会の至るところに数学がいきていますが、日常的に意識することは少ないかもしれません。今回のイベントでは、数学者として多くの実績を残されてきた2名をお招きし、講演・対談を通じて数学の本質を考え、社会との接点について考えていきます。 2022年3月12日（土）13:00〜14:30 会場：ZOOM（URLはイベント参加お申込み後にお知らせいたします。） 定員：500名 参加費：無料（途中参加・退室可） 対象者：どなたでもご参加いただけます 主催：理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム（iTHEMS） 【タイムスケジュール】 13:00-13:05 趣旨説明・Zoomの使い方等 13:05-13:10 開会の挨拶 理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム（iTHEMS）プログラムディレクター 初田哲男 13:10-13:25 講演1「数学から社会課題の解決へ」京都⼤学 ⼤学院理学研究科 数学教室 教授 坂上貴之 13:25-13:40 講演2「数学の楽しさ・美しさ」京都大学 高等研究院 (KUIAS) 院長 森重文 13:40-14:10 パネルディスカッション「数学と社会はどうつながっているのか？」 登壇者：森重文、坂上貴之 進行：柴藤亮介（アカデミスト株式会社 代表取締役CEO） 14:10-14:25 質疑応答・まとめ 14:25-14:30 閉会の挨拶 理化学研究所 数理創造プログラム（iTHEMS）プログラムディレクター 初田哲男
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 日本語
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セミナー
Extracting rules from trained machine learning models with applications in Bioinformatics
2022年3月11日(金) 16:00 - 18:00
Pengyu Liu (情報統合本部 (R-IH) 医療データ数理推論チーム 特別研究員)
Recently, Machine learning methods have achieved great success in various areas. However, some machine learning-based models are not explainable (e.g., Artificial Neural Networks), which may affect the massive applications in medical fields. In this talk, we first introduce two approaches that extract rules from trained neural networks. The first one leads to an algorithm that extracts rules in the form of Boolean functions. The second one extracts probabilistic rules representing relations between inputs and the output. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these two approaches by computational experiments. Then we consider applying an explainable machine learning model to predict human Dicer cleavage sites. Human Dicer is an enzyme that cleaves pre-miRNAs into miRNAs. We develop an accurate and explainable predictor for the human Dicer cleavage site -- ReCGBM. Computational experiments show that ReCGBM achieves the best performance compared with several existing methods. Further, we find that features close to the center of pre-miRNA are more important for the prediction.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Toward modeling complete supernova neutrino emissions
2022年3月11日(金) 16:00 - 17:00
諏訪 雄大 (東京大学 大学院総合文化研究科 宇宙地球部会 准教授 / 京都大学 基礎物理学研究所 基研特任准教授)
Neutrinos are guaranteed observable from the next Galactic supernova (SN). Optical lights and gravitational waves are also observable but can be difficult to observe if SN location in the galaxy and the explosion details are unsuitable. The key to the next coming SN observation will be understanding various physical quantities using neutrinos first and then connecting them to other signals. In particular, understanding neutrinos in the late time (> 1 sec after the onset of explosion) is essential, since physics in this time scale has much smaller uncertainties than that of the early time. We should construct a simple and understandable neutrino model based on the late-time emissions. It allows us to tackle the physics in the early phase like the explosion mechanism. In this talk, I will discuss the following topics: 1) how to model the complete neutrino emissions from the very early phase up to the last observable event. 2) what physical quantities (e.g., mass and radius of neutron stars) can be extracted from observations using large statistical neutrinos as physics probes. 3) how to use these extracted physical quantities to link with the explosion mechanism of SN and multi-messenger observations.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Nonperturbative cavity/waveguide quantum electrodynamics and dissipative quantum phase transition
2022年3月10日(木) 13:30 - 15:00
蘆田 祐人 (東京大学 大学院理学系研究科 准教授)
Strong coupling between matter and quantized electromagnetic modes in cavity or waveguide may offer yet another approach of controlling equilibrium phases or dynamics of many-body systems. Recent developments have realized such strong light-matter interaction in genuinely quantum and nonperturbative regimes, where conventional approximate theoretical methods cannot be applied in general. I will talk about how one can analyze strongly coupled quantum light-matter systems at arbitrary interaction strengths on the basis of an asymptotically disentangling unitary transformation [1,2]. I discuss its application to construction of tight-binding Hamiltonians, dynamics of bound states in the continuum, and revisiting dissipative quantum phase transition in resistively shunted Josephson junctions [3].
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Independent regulation of multiple checkpoints in cell-cycle network system -Biological function originated in the law of localization-
2022年3月10日(木) 10:00 - 11:00
望月 敦史 (京都大学 ウイルス･再⽣医学研究所 教授)
In cell cycle, G1-S and G2-M checkpoints are regulated by different protein complexes, Cdc2-Cdc13 and Cdc2-Cig2, respectively. For a normal mitosis, activity of two complexes should rise specifically at different timing. However, the complex formations share common species of proteins and activation reactions conform a complicated network. We study how independent regulation of two checkpoints is realized in the network system by “structural sensitivity analysis”, which was previously established by us. The analyses clarified that activities of two complexes are regulated by disjoint sets of reaction parameters in the system. A series of non-trivial behaviors are generated by “buffering structures with an intersection”, which can generally appear in chemical reaction network including complex formation.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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外部イベント
ファンダメンタルズ フェスmini プレイベント 科学篇 「探究と架橋：基礎科学の可能性」
2022年3月10日(木) 8:00 - 9:30
佐々田 槙子 (東京大学 大学院数理科学研究科・理学部数学科 准教授)
初田 哲男 (数理創造プログラム プログラムディレクター)
山極 壽一 (総合地球環境学研究所 所長)応用科学・技術と異なり、基礎科学は独立性が高く、私たち（社会）と接点を持つこと自体が難しい側面があります。科学・技術が成熟しつつある現代においては、科学・技術と倫理という側面から、学知と私たち（社会）を架橋する営みについて議論されることは多いが、基礎科学の行う架橋する営みについて議論される機会は多くありません。今回は基礎科学の行う架橋する営みの特殊性と可能性について議論したいと思います。 プログラム（午前） 8:00-8:10 イントロダクション(ファンダメンタルズプログラムとは+提題) 8:10-8:40 スピーカーからの自己紹介 8:40-9:20 議論 9:20-9:30 質疑 当日の状況により、時間は前後する可能性があります 参加費：無料 詳細は関連リンクをご覧ください。
会場: via YouTube Live
イベント公式言語: 日本語
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セミナー
Introduction to stability conditions 2
2022年3月9日(水) 16:00 - 17:30
小関 直記 (Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, UK)
In 2002, Bridgeland defined the notion of stability conditions on a triangulated category, motivated by string theory and mirror symmetry. Since then, Bridgeland stability conditions have been found very useful not only in Mathematical Physics, but also in various areas of Pure Mathematics. In the first part, I will review basic background and open problems in the theory of Bridgeland stability conditions. In the second part, I will explain recent developments of the theory, especially its applications to algebraic geometry.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Introduction to stability conditions 1
2022年3月2日(水) 16:00 - 17:30
小関 直記 (Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, UK)
In 2002, Bridgeland defined the notion of stability conditions on a triangulated category, motivated by string theory and mirror symmetry. Since then, Bridgeland stability conditions have been found very useful not only in Mathematical Physics, but also in various areas of Pure Mathematics. In the first part, I will review basic background and open problems in the theory of Bridgeland stability conditions. In the second part, I will explain recent developments of the theory, especially its applications to algebraic geometry.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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外部イベント
理研DAY：研究者と話そう！「ブラックホールの響きに耳をすまして」
2022年2月25日(金) 18:00 - 18:30
大下 翔誉 (数理創造プログラム 基礎科学特別研究員)
２月の理研DAYでは、大下 翔誉さんと「ブラックホールの響きに耳をすまして」というテーマで皆さんとお話しいたします。 詳細は関連リンクをご覧ください。
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 日本語
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セミナー
How to understand Earth science system using data science
2022年2月25日(金) 16:00 - 18:00
Kaman Kong (理化学研究所 計算科学研究センター (R-CCS) 複合系気候科学研究チーム 特別研究員)
Hi everyone, my name is Kaman Kong. After I graduated from Nagoya University last April, I joined the computational climate science research team, R-CCS at Kobe. Although I have still not yet had the important results now, I would like to share my idea and future plan here. In this talk, different from the previous seminar, I would like to highlight how to use data science approaches to understand our Earth system science. In the first 60 minutes, I would like to share my research experiences in ecosystems, dust outbreaks, and atmospheric sciences and try to discuss their limitation in my study. After a 10-minute break, the 30 minutes will be spent discussing the potential methodology to overcome these limitations and new opportunities and challenges in Earth system science. (Part 1) In the first 60 minutes, I would like to talk about the relationships among ecosystems, dust outbreaks, and atmospheric conditions. I used the models of dust and ecosystem to explore seasonal variations of threshold wind speed, an index of soil susceptibility to dust outbreak, and its relations with land surface conditions, such as plant growth and soil moisture and temperature changes, in the Mongolian grasslands. On the other side, I am improving the weather forecast model to accurately predict dust emission and discuss its effects on the Earth system. Meanwhile, I am integrating the dust model into the ecosystem model. During this period, I realized there are many uncertainties of simulation. (Part 2) In the second 30 minutes, I will explain these limitations as I mentioned before and try to discuss how to solve these problems. For example, using deep learning to identify the green and brown plants separately for discussing their different effect on the dust model. And, used data assimilation (e.g., EnKF and Bayesian calibration) to improve the simulated performance of land surface parameters (e.g., soil moisture and vegetation).
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
How is turbulence born: Spatiotemporal complexity and phase transition of transitional fluids
2022年2月24日(木) 17:00 - 18:15
Hong-Yan Shih (Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan)
How a laminar flow becomes turbulence has been an unsolved problem for more than a century and is important in various industrial applications. Recently precise measurements in pipe flow experiments showed non-trivial spatiotemporal complexity at the onset of turbulence. Based on numerical evidence from the hydrodynamics equations, we discovered the surprising fact that the fluid behavior at the transition is governed by the emergent predator-prey dynamics of the important long-wavelength mode, leading to the mathematical prediction that the laminar-turbulent transition is analogous to an ecosystem on the edge of extinction. This prediction demonstrates that the laminar-turbulent transition is a non-equilibrium phase transition in the directed percolation universality class, and provides a unified picture of transition to turbulence emerging in systems ranging from turbulent convection to magnetohydrodynamics. *Detailed information about the seminar refer to the email.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
Stator dynamics of the bacterial flagellar motor
2022年2月24日(木) 17:00 - 18:00
Ashley Nord (Researcher, Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, France)
Rubén Pérez-Carrasco (Lecturer in Theoretical Systems Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK)The bacterial flagellar motor is the membrane-embedded rotary molecular motor which turns the flagellum that provides thrust to many bacteria for swimming, swarming, and chemotaxis. This large multimeric complex, composed of a few dozen constituent proteins, is a hallmark of dynamic subunit exchange. The stator units are inner-membrane ion channels which dynamically bind to the cell wall and convert electrochemical energy into torque which is applied to the rotor. The dynamic exchange of stator units is a function of the viscous load on the flagellum, allowing the bacterium to adapt to its local environment, though the molecular mechanisms of this mechanosensitivity remain unknown. Previously, we have shown that stator units behave as a catch bond, a counterintuitive bond which becomes stronger under applied tension. Here, by actively perturbing the steady-state stator stoichiometry of individual motors, we reveal a stoichiometry-dependent asymmetry in stator remodeling kinetics. We interrogate the potential effect of next-neighbor interactions and local stator unit depletion and find that neither can explain the observed asymmetry. We then simulate and fit two mechanistically diverse models which recapitulate the asymmetry, finding assembly dynamics to be particularly well described by a two-state catch-bond mechanism.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
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セミナー
iTHEMS - R-CCS(FTRT) Joint Online Seminar: Second order chiral phase transition in three flavor quantum chromodynamics?
2022年2月18日(金) 16:30 - 18:00
ゲルゲイ・フェヨシュ (Assistant Professor, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
We calculate the renormalization group flows of all renormalizable interactions in the three dimensional Ginzburg--Landau potential for the chiral phase transition of three flavor quantum chromodynamics [1]. On the contrary to the common belief we find a fixed point in the system that is able to describe a second order phase transition in the infrared. This shows that longstanding assumptions on the transition order might be false. If the transition is indeed of second order, our results can also be interpreted as indirect evidence that the axial anomaly restores at the transition temperature.
会場: via Zoom
イベント公式言語: 英語
151件のイベント / 2022年