Dark Matter and Neutron Stars: A Gravitational Laboratory for the Unknown

Dark matter (DM), a mysterious non-luminous component of the universe, dominates the mass distribution in galaxies and clusters yet remains elusive in its interactions beyond gravity. Neutron stars (NSs), among the most compact objects in the universe, provide unique astrophysical laboratories to investigate the interplay between DM and extreme matter due to their immense densities and gravitational fields. In this talk, I will briefly outline the mechanisms through which DM could be gravitationally captured by NSs, including during their formation and evolution. The primary focus will then shift to the structural and observable implications of DM admixed NSs. I will discuss the theoretical frameworks used to model DM admixed NSs and how DM parameters, such as particle mass and density profiles, modify the equation of state and structural stability of these stars. Observational constraints from pulsars like PSR J0740+6620 and gravitational wave events such as GW170817 will be highlighted as critical tools for deducing DM characteristics and testing theoretical model predictions. By presenting insights from recent studies, including our own work, this talk aims to demonstrate how astrophysical observations can constrain DM parameters and provide a deeper understanding of DM’s role in dense astrophysical environments. I will conclude with a discussion of future prospects for advancing both theoretical models and observational strategies in this interdisciplinary field.