iTHEMS Math Seminar
93 events
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Seminar
Probabilistic approach to discrete integrable systems
January 17 (Fri) at 15:30 - 17:30, 2025
Makiko Sasada (Professor, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo)
The KdV equation and the Toda lattice are two central and widely studied examples of classical integrable systems, and many of their variations have been introduced to the present. In particular, the box-ball system (BBS) is a basic example of a discrete integrable system, which has been revealed to be an ultra-discrete version of the KdV equation and the Toda lattice. The BBS has been studied from various viewpoints such as tropical geometry, combinatorics, and cellular-automaton. As a new perspective, research on probabilistic approaches to this system has been rapidly expanding in recent years, including the application of the Pitman transform, analysis of invariant measures and its generalized hydrodynamics. More recently, we find that the application of the Pitman transform and the study of invariant measures of i.i.d.-type also work in the same manner for the discrete KdV equation and the discrete Toda lattice. Further research has begun on the relationship between the Yang-baxter maps and the existence of i.i.d.-type invariant measures for the discrete integrable systems. In this talk, I will introduce these new research topics that have been spreading over the past several years from the basics. This talk is based on several joint works with David Croydon, Tsuyoshi Kato, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Ryosuke Uozumi, Matteo Mucciconi, Tomohiro Sasamoto, Hayate Suda and Stefano Olla.
Venue: Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Recent Advances in the Spectral Geometry of Domains and Approaches with Computer-Assisted Proofs
December 12 (Thu) at 15:00 - 17:00, 2024
Ryoki Endo (Ph.D. Student, Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University)
What can we determine about the shape of a drum from its sound?"—This inverse problem has given rise to spectral geometry and has attracted researchers for over 110 years. The first half of the talk explains recent advances in shape optimization problems for domains with respect to eigenvalues of the Laplacian and the inverse problem known as "hearing the shape of a drum," presented in an accessible manner for experts from other disciplines. The second half introduces verified computation methods for eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and shape derivatives. As applications, it presents newly established computer-assisted proofs for the minimization problem of eigenvalues with non-homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, and the conjecture on the simplicity of the second Dirichlet eigenvalues for non-equilateral triangles.
Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Young's convolution inequality on locally compact groups
October 18 (Fri) at 15:00 - 17:00, 2024
Takashi Satomi (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)
Young's convolution inequality is one of the elementary inequalities in functional and harmonic analysis, and this inequality is related to various theories in mathematics, physics, and computer theory. In addition, it is known that Young's inequality can be generalized to any locally compact group. In this talk, we introduce the definition of locally compact groups and the statement of Young's inequality with several examples. Finally, we see the speaker's recent results about refining Young's inequality for several locally compact groups, including the special linear groups.
Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Topological recursion and twisted Higgs bundles
July 16 (Tue) at 10:30 - 12:00, 2024
Christopher Mahadeo (Research Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), USA)
Prior works relating meromorphic Higgs bundles to topological recursion have considered non-singular models that allow the recursion to be carried out on a smooth Riemann surface. I will discuss some recent work where we define a "twisted topological recursion" on the spectral curve of a twisted Higgs bundle, and show that the g=0 components of the recursion compute the Taylor expansion of the period matrix of the spectral curve, mirroring a result of for ordinary Higgs bundles and topological recursion. I will also discuss some current work relating topological recursion to a new viewpoint of quantization of Higgs bundles.
Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
On the volume conjecture for the Teichm ̈uller TQFT
May 31 (Fri) at 15:00 - 17:00, 2024
Soichiro Uemura (Junior Research Associate, iTHEMS / Student Trainee, iTHEMS)
The Chern-Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory (TQFT) on the principal G-bundle and has been studied in both mathematics and physics. When G is SU(2), which is compact, Witten conjectured that its path integral gives the topological invariant of the base 3-manifold. This invariant was formulated rigorously and is known as the WRT invariant. In addition, it is known that the expectation value of the Wilson loop along the hyperbolic knot in S3 gives the invariant of knots, which is called the colored Jones polynomial. Invariants of knots and manifolds derived from the path integral are called quantum invariants. There is an open conjecture called the volume conjecture, which states that the complete hyperbolic volume of the knot complement appears in the asymptotic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial. The volume conjecture suggests a close connection between quantum invariants and hyperbolic geometry. On the other hand, Chern-Simons theory with the non-compact G such as SL(2,C) also appears in duality in string theory called the 3d-3d correspondence but has not been well formulated mathematically. Andersen and Kashaev constructed a TQFT-like theory called the Teichm ̈uller TQFT by quantizing the Teichm ̈uller space, which is the deformation space of the hyperbolic structures on a surface. The Teichm ̈uller TQFT is expected to correspond to the SL(2,C) Chern-Simons theory. In this theory, a conjecture similar to the volume conjecture has been proposed and proven for several hyperbolic knots. In this talk, I will introduce the outline of the Teichm ̈uller TQFT and explain our results on the volume conjecture and its proof using techniques in hyperbolic geometry by Thurston, Casson, Rivin, and others.
Venue: via Zoom / Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Introduction to homotopy theory
May 24 (Fri) at 15:00 - 17:00, 2024
Junnosuke Koizumi (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)
In a narrow sense, homotopy theory is a framework for capturing the essential structures of shapes and has long been used as a powerful tool in topology. On the other hand, the concept of homotopy is so universal that it appears even in purely algebraic settings and has recently had a significant impact on other fields such as number theory and algebraic geometry. This talk aims to introduce homotopy theory in this broader sense from multiple perspectives. If time permits, I will also touch upon recent developments in the homotopy theory of algebraic varieties.
Venue: via Zoom / Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Introduction to operator algebras
May 17 (Fri) at 15:00 - 17:00, 2024
Kan Kitamura (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)
I will give a quick introduction to operator algebras. Operator algebras in this talk consist of linear operators over some Hilbert space. Their study was initiated by Murray and von Neumann, motivated partially by the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. Starting from the definitions of a few basic notions, I will explain that commutative operator algebras can be interpreted as spaces. On the other hand, simple operator algebras (i.e., those without non-trivial ideals) form a class of operator algebras opposite to commutative ones and have attracted many operator algebraists. I will try to introduce several examples of simple operator algebras, some of which appear in mathematical physics. If time permits, I will also give recent results on ideals in C*-algebras. People with any scientific background are welcome.
Venue: via Zoom / Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Knot Theory in Doubly Periodic Tangles and Applications
January 19 (Fri) at 15:00 - 16:30, 2024
Sonia Mahmoudi (Assistant Professor, Mathematical Science Group, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University)
Doubly periodic entangled structures offer an interesting framework for modeling and investigating diverse materials and physical phenomena, from micro to large scales. Specifically, a doubly periodic tangle (DP tangle) is characterized as an embedding of an infinite number of curves in the thickened plane, derived as the lift of a link in the thickened torus to the universal cover. DP tangles play a crucial role in scientific research, particularly in fields such as materials science, molecular chemistry, and biology. Despite their widespread applications, a universally accepted mathematical description of DP tangles is currently lacking. One of the key challenges arises from the infinite possibilities in choosing a periodic cell (referred to as a motif) for a DP tangle, taking into account various periodic boundary conditions. In this presentation, we conduct a comprehensive examination of the concept of topological equivalence of DP tangles, offering insights into potential classifications and applications in the process.
Venue: Hybrid Format (3F #359 and Zoom), Main Research Building
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Tropical geometry and period integrals
December 13 (Wed) at 14:00 - 16:30, 2023
Yuto Yamamoto (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)
Tropical geometry is a field of mathematics that naturally emerges when considering the limits of spaces with respect to some parameters. One of the motivations to study tropical geometry is to describe the behaviors of the spaces under the limit. In this math seminar, starting with a brief introduction to tropical geometry, we discuss its application to computation of period integrals, which are one of the most fundamental quantities of complex manifolds. The goal is to compute asymtptotics of period integrals for complex hypersurfaces in toric varieties using tropical geometry, and observe that the Riemann zeta values (or the gamma classes) appear in the result of the computation. The first half of the talk will be a brief introduction to tropical geometry for non-experts including those who are working outside mathematics, and everyone will be welcome.
Venue: Hybrid Format (3F #359 and Zoom), Main Research Building
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Introduction and prospects of topological recursion
November 17 (Fri) at 15:00 - 17:00, 2023
Osuga Kento (JSPS Research Fellow PD, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo)
Topological recursion is a universal recursive formalism that connects many branches in mathematical physics, such as enumerative geometry, algebraic geometry, integrable hierarchy, matrix models, 2d gravity, and more. In the first half of this talk, I will give a pedagogical overview of topological recursion and present simple examples from which we learn how topological recursion works. Then in the second half, I will present some ongoing research projects as well as a few future directions in topological recursion.
Venue: Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Geometry of special nilpotent orbits
November 15 (Wed) at 14:00 - 15:30, 2023
Baohua Fu (Professor, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
Special nilpotent orbits play a key role in representation theory, but their geometry is little understood. I'll first report a joint work with Yongbin Ruan and Yaoxiong Wen proposing a mirror symmetry conjecture for special nilpotent orbits and then a joint work with Daniel Juteau, Paul Levy and Eric Sommers on the proof of sliced version of Lusztig's conjecture on special pieces.
Venue: via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
A cluster algebra structure in the quantum cohomology ring of a quiver variety
October 24 (Tue) at 10:00 - 11:30, 2023
Yingchun Zhang (Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Zhejiang University, China)
The Gromov-Witten theory of a quiver variety is expected to be preserved by quiver mutation according to Seiberg duality, which has been proved to be true for A-type and star-shaped quivers. Cluster algebra can be constructed for a given quiver via quiver mutation. The two subjects Gromov-Witten and cluster algebra seem to differ a lot. Howerver, when we move to the quantum cohomology ring of a quiver variety, Benini-Park-Zhao’s work “indicates” that there should be a cluster algebra structure in the quantum cohomology ring of the quiver variety. In this talk, I will introduce our recent work about the construction of such a cluster algebra structure in the quantum cohomology of a quiver variety. In particular, we will give a proof of the construction for A-type cluster algebra in quantum cohomology of a flag variety. This is a joint work with Weiqiang He.
Venue: Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Interactions between Algebraic Topology and Representation Theory by Toric Code
October 2 (Mon) - 4 (Wed), 2023
Minkyu Kim (Research Fellow, School of Mathematics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Republic of Korea)
Toric code is an error correction code designed by Kitaev in late 1990’s, which contributes to the birth of topological quantum computation. The goal of these lectures is to introduce toric code and related mathematics. We will explain an interaction between low-dimensional topology and representation of Drinfeld double. Especially, we will encode several operations (e.g. braidings) on representations into topology and geometry on surfaces. If time allows, we will give an overview of how toric code arises from chain complexes, which will be the prequel of our talk at Tokyo-Seoul Conference on Oct 6. These lectures will be fundamental and concrete. We hope that the audience are familiar with basic concepts of finite groups and Hopf algebras. These lectures will be held from Oct 2 to Oct 4, each from 13:30 to 15:00, for a total of 3 lectures. Oct 2 (mon) Introduction to toric code. Oct 3 (tue) Introduction to non-abelian toric code. Oct 4 (wed) Further studies on toric code.
Venue: via Zoom / Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Classification of Meromorphic Spin 2-dimensional Conformal Field Theories of Central Charge 24
September 19 (Tue) at 15:00 - 16:30, 2023
Möller Sven (Group Leader, Department of Mathematics, University of Hamburg, Germany)
We classify the self-dual (or holomorphic) vertex operator superalgebras (SVOAs) of central charge 24, or in physics parlance the purely left-moving, spin 2-dimensional conformal field theories with just one primary field. There are exactly 969 such SVOAs under suitable regularity assumptions and the assumption that the shorter moonshine module VB^# is the unique self-dual SVOA of central charge 23.5 whose weight-1/2 and weight-1 spaces vanish. Additionally, there might be self-dual SVOAs arising as "fake copies" of VB^# tensored with a free fermion F. We construct and classify the self-dual SVOAs by determining the 2-neighbourhood graph of the self-dual (purely bosonic) VOAs of central charge 24 and also by realising them as simple-current extensions of a dual pair containing a certain maximal lattice VOA. We show that all SVOAs besides VB^# x F and potential fake copies thereof stem from elements of the Conway group Co_0, the automorphism group of the Leech lattice. By splitting off free fermions F, if possible, we obtain the classification for all central charges less than or equal to 24. This is based on joint work with Gerald Höhn (arXiv:2303.17190)
Venue: Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Quasi-BPS categories
September 13 (Wed) at 10:00 - 11:30, 2023
Yukinobu Toda (Professor, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), The University of Tokyo)
In this talk, I will explain the notion of "Quasi-BPS category". This is the (yet to be defined) category which categorifies BPS invariants on Calabi-Yau 3-folds, and plays an important role in categorical wall-crossing in Donaldson-Thomas theory. I will explain the motivation of quasi-BPS categories, give definition in the case of symmetric quivers with potential (a local model of CY 3-folds), and their properties. If time permits, I will explain quasi-BPS categories for local K3 surfaces and their relation to derived categories of hyperkahler manifolds. This is a joint work in progress with Tudor Padurariu.
Venue: Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Introduction to braid groups
July 5 (Wed) at 14:00 - 16:30, 2023
Haru Negami (Ph.D. Student, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University)
Part 1 (14:00-15:00): Introduction to braid groups Braid groups are groups that are defined by figures formed by the entanglement of n strings. Besides this geometric realization, it is a very interesting field where algebra and analysis intersect. In the first half of this seminar, aimed mainly at those unfamiliar with braid groups, we will introduce three aspects of braid groups and review the history of the research. In particular, in the area of its relation to analysis, the relationship between KZ equations and braid groups will be introduced. Part 2 (15:30-16:30): Representations of braid groups and the relationship between monodromy representations of KZ equations In the second half of the talk, after a brief introduction to representation theory, we will introduce the Katz-Long-Moody construction, a method of constructing infinite series of representations of the semi-direct product of braid group and free group. We will also show that its special case is isomorphic to multiplicative middle convolution, a method for constructing monodromy representations of KZ equations. Lastly, we will also discuss the connection between representations of braid groups and knot invariants. The talk includes joint work with Kazuki Hiroe.
Venue: Seminar Room #359 / via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Matrix estimation via singular value shrinkage
June 21 (Wed) at 15:30 - 16:30, 2023
Takeru Matsuda (Unit Leader, Statistical Mathematics Collaboration Unit, RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS))
In this talk, I will introduce recent studies on shrinkage estimation of matrices. First, we develop a superharmonic prior for matrices that shrinks singular values, which can be viewed as a natural generalization of Stein’s prior. This prior is motivated from the Efron–Morris estimator, which is an extension of the James–Stein estimator to matrices. The generalized Bayes estimator with respect to this prior is minimax and dominates MLE under the Frobenius loss. In particular, since it shrinks to the space of low-rank matrices, it attains large risk reduction when the unknown matrix is close to low-rank (e.g. reduced-rank regression). Next, we construct a theory of shrinkage estimation under the “matrix quadratic loss”, which is a matrix-valued loss function suitable for matrix estimation. A notion of “matrix superharmonicity” for matrix-variate functions is introduced and the generalized Bayes estimator with respect to a matrix superharmonic prior is shown to be minimax under the matrix quadratic loss. The matrix-variate improper t-priors are matrix superharmonic and this class includes the above generalization of Stein’s prior. Applications include matrix completion and nonparametric estimation.
Venue: Hybrid Format (3F #359 and Zoom), Main Research Building
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Around homogeneous spaces of complex semisimple quantum groups
June 7 (Wed) at 14:00 - 16:30, 2023
Kan Kitamura (Ph.D. Student, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo)
Murray and von Neumann initiated the study of operator algebras motivated by the mathematical foundations of quantum physics. Operator algebras give good language to treat quantum symmetries, such as quantum groups. In this talk, I would like to give an overview of this topic first. Then, I discuss the q-deformations of complex semisimple Lie groups. From an operator algebraic viewpoint, we can treat them as "locally compact" quantum groups. Especially, I will focus on its homogenous spaces coming from discrete quantum subgroups with a motivation toward the quantum analog of lattices. Unlike the classical setting, we can obtain a complete classification of its discrete quantum subgroups.
Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Hydrodynamic limit and the fluctuating hydrodynamics for large-scale interacting systems
May 24 (Wed) at 14:00 - 16:30, 2023
Kohei Hayashi (Visiting Researcher, iTHEMS)
In these decades, a great deal of works has been devoted to understand macroscopic phenomena, such as diffusion, aggregation or pattern formation, from the viewpoint of microscopic systems. Hydrodynamic limit, or fluctuating hydrodynamics, is a fundamental framework to explain the macroscopic behavior of physical quantities in mathematically rigorous ways from a system of the vast numbers of microscopic agents under random interactions, which system is called the large-scale interacting system. In this framework, our central aim is to derive partial differential equations (PDEs) which describe time evolution of some macroscopic quantities, starting from the large-scale interacting systems; hydrodynamic limit is a procedure to derive deterministic PDEs with help of the law of large numbers, whereas stochastic PDEs are derived under the scale of the central limit theorem by fluctuating hydrodynamics. In this talk, I would like to explain basic concepts of hydrodynamic limit and fluctuating hydrodynamics, through some simple models. In the first part, I will give a concise exposition on Markov processes as preliminaries and then state some results on scaling limits of simple exclusion processes as a pedagogical example. In the second part, I will talk about recent progress on universality which appears in fluctuating hydrodynamics. Especially, I would like to talk about the universality of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, and its mathematical background.
Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom
Event Official Language: English
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Seminar
Generalized AKS scheme of integrability via vertex algebra
May 9 (Tue) at 16:15 - 17:15, 2023
Wenda Fang (Ph.D. Student, Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), Kyoto University)
In this talk, we define and study the classical R-matrix for vertex Lie algebra, based on which we propose to construct a new vertex Lie algebra. As an application, using the classical R-matrix we defined, we give a new scheme to construct infinite-dimensional (Liouville) integrable systems via the Feigin-Frenkel center. This seminar is on-site only.
Venue: Seminar Room #359
Event Official Language: English
93 events