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Quantum simulation of QCD matter: from hadronic scattering to gauge field qubit encoding

April 3 (Wed) at 10:00 - 11:00, 2024

Tianyin Li (Ph.D. Student, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, China)

Recently, quantum computing (QC) has become a new method for solving non-perturbative problems in high-energy physics. Compared to traditional Monte Carlo simulations, the QC method does not encounter the sign problem, making it an effective approach for solving dynamical and finite density problems. The first part of this talk focuses on the quantum simulation of the hadronic scattering process, including the initial state parton distribution functions, intermediate state partonic scattering amplitudes, and final state hadronization. The second part of this talk concentrates on the qubit encoding of Hamiltonian formalism in lattice gauge field theory with a Coulomb gauge. As a preliminary attempt, the qubit encoding of (3+1)-dimensional Coulomb gauge QED will be discussed.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Coarse-graining black holes out of equilibrium with boundary observables on time slice

April 1 (Mon) at 16:00 - 17:30, 2024

Daichi Takeda (Ph.D. Student, Theoretical Particle Physics Group, Kyoto University)

In black hole thermodynamics, defining coarse-grained entropy for dynamical black holes has long been a challenge, and various proposals, such as generalized entropy, have been explored. Guided by the AdS/CFT, we introduce a new definition of coarse-grained entropy for a dynamical black hole in Lorentzian Einstein gravity. On each time slice, this entropy is defined as the horizon area of an auxiliary Euclidean black hole that shares the same mass, (angular) momenta, and asymptotic normalizable matter modes with the original Lorentzian solution. The entropy is shown to satisfy a generalized first law within Einstein theory and, through holography, the second law as well. This second law corresponds to the positivity of the relative entropy in the CFT. Furthermore, by applying this thermodynamics to several Vaidya models in AdS and flat spacetime, we discover a connection between the second law and the null energy condition.

Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Condensed Matter Physics of QCD 2024

March 11 (Mon) - 22 (Fri), 2024

Gordon Baym (Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois, USA)
Muneto Nitta (Professor, Keio University)
Mark Alford (Professor, Washington University in St. Louis, USA)
Sanjay Reddy (Professor, University of Washington, USA)
Dam Thanh Son (Professor, The University of Chicago, USA)
Mikhail Stephanov (Professor, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), USA)
Kenji Fukushima (Professor, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo)
Naoki Yamamoto (Associate Professor, Keio University)
Koutarou Kyutoku (Associate Professor, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)
Yui Hayashi (Postdoctoral researcher, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)
Kentaro Nishimura (Postdoctoral researcher, Hiroshima University)
Toru Kojo (Associate professor, Tohoku University)
Masakiyo Kitazawa (Lecturer, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

QCD at finite temperature and density is one of the most challenging problems in modern physics, which plays a crucial role to understand the origin and coevolution of the universe and matter. On the one hand, the relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments in the past decades have opened a new and exciting field to explore physical properties of such a QCD matter at high-tempearture. On the other hand, recent astrophysical observations of compact stars (in particular, events involving neutron stars) is becoming another exciting tool to unveil properties of the dense QCD matter. This molecule-type workshop is aimed at bringing together theorists working on QCD at finite-temperature and density, with a particular focus on dense quark-nuclear matter relevant to neutron star physics. We will mainly cover macroscopic properties of the finite-density QCD matter such as the Lee-Yang edge singularity for a QCD critical point, the renewed Fermi liquid theory for quark-nuclear matter, nuclear superfluidity, color superconductivity, quark-hadron continuity, quantum vortex, and transport phenomena including the weak-intearction processes.

Venue: via Zoom / Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University

Event Official Language: English

Second Workshop on Fundamentals in Density Functional Theory (DFT2024)

February 20 (Tue) - 22 (Thu), 2024

The density functional theory (DFT) is one of the powerful methods to solve quantum many-body problems, which, in principle, gives the exact energy and density of the ground state. The accuracy of DFT is, in practice, determined by the accuracy of an energy density functional (EDF) since the exact EDF is still unknown. Currently, DFT has been used in many communities, including nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, and condensed matter physics, while the fundamental study of DFT, such as the first principle derivations of an accurate EDF and methods to calculate many observables from obtained densities and excited states. However, there has been little opportunity to have interdisciplinary communication. On December 2022, we had the first workshop on this series (DFT2022) at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, and several interdisiplinary discussions and collaborationd were started. To share such progresses and extend collaborations, we organize the second workshop. In this workshop, the current status and issues of each discipline will be shared towards solving these problems by meeting together among researchers in mathematics, nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, and condensed matter physics. This workshop mainly comprises lectures/seminars on cutting-edge topics and discussion, while a half-day session composed of contributed talks is also planned. This workshop is partially supported by iTHEMS-phys Study Group. This workshop is a part of the RIKEN Symposium Series. The detailed information can be found in the workshop website.

Venue: 8F, Integrated Innovation Building (IIB) (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Quantum Enhancement in Dark Matter Detection with Quantum Computation

January 22 (Mon) at 16:00 - 18:00, 2024

Thanaporn Sichanugrist (Ph.D. Student, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo)
Shion Chen (Project Assistant Professor, International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP), The University of Tokyo)

Title: Wave-like Dark Matter Search Using Qubits Abstract: The rapid controllability required for quantum computers makes the currently proposed quantum bit modalities also attractive as electromagnetic field sensors. One of the promising applications is wave-like dark matter searches, where the electric field converted from the coherent dark matter excites the qubits, leading to detectable signals [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 211001]. The quantum coherence between the qubits can be utilized to enhance the signal rate in a multi-qubit system. By designing an appropriate quantum circuit to entangle the qubits, it was found that the signal rate can scale proportionally to $n_q^2$, with $n_q$ being the number of sensor qubits, rather than linearly with $n_q$ [arXiv: 2311.10413]. In the seminar, we overview the theoretical framework of the search, elaborate on the signal-enhancing mechanism driven by quantum entanglement with specific examples of the quantum circuits, and discuss how the scheme can be implemented in the platform of future fault-tolerant quantum computers. We also provide the introduction of the experimental realization, and report the status of the experimental works carried out in UTokyo/ICEPP.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Functional Renormalization Group at Niigata 2024

January 7 (Sun) - 8 (Mon), 2024

Gergely Fejos (Assistant Professor, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
Kenji Fukushima (Professor, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo)
Kouichi Okunishi (Associate Professor, Faculty of Science, Niigata University)
Junichi Haruna (Ph.D. Student, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)
Xu-Guang Huang (Professor, Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University, China)
Katsumi Itoh (Professor, Faculty of Education, Niigata University)
Kiyoharu Kawana (Research Fellow, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Republic of Korea)
Shunsuke Yabunaka (Researcher, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA))
Takeru Yokota (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)

One of the most fundamental challenges in theoretical physics is to uncover the physical properties of strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems. This problem is shared in both subatomic physics and condensed matter physics; e.g., to unveil ground state structures and dynamical aspects of quantum systems. However, it has been an unresolved issue to establish non-perturbative theoretical tools, which allows a reliable analytic approach to quantum many-body problems described by field theory. The Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) is proposed as one of the theoretical methods that facilitates the non-perturbative investigation of quantum many-body systems. The FRG has found applications in various fields of physics, ranging from particle and nuclear physics to condensed matter physics, leading to several unique achievements in each fields. The aim of this two-day workshop is to provide an overview of the recent applications and progress of FRG in various fields of physics, discuss future directions, and explore potential new collaborations that bridge different fields of physics.

Venue: Kaishi Professional University Yoneyama Campus (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Application of Modular tensor category to Lattice gauge theory

December 29 (Fri) at 10:30 - 16:00, 2023

Tomoya Hayata (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University)

Inspired by the recent development in quantum computers, much efforts have been devoted to exploring their potential applications in lattice gauge theories. However, in contrast to condensed matter systems, we face many challenges in applications of quantum computations to lattice gauge theories, where one of the major obstructions lies in implementation of gauge symmetries in quantum computations. In this seminar, I talk about a possible solution to the problem based on a unitary modular tensor category, expressing the Hamiltonian of lattice gauge theories in terms of the so called F moves, and implementing the F moves on quantum computers. References: TH, Y. Hidaka, JHEP 09 (2023) 126; JHEP 09 (2023) 123.

Venue: Seminar Room #359

Event Official Language: English

Introduction to Effective Field Theory and Many-Body Problems

December 27 (Wed) - 28 (Thu), 2023

Masaru Hongo (Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Niigata University)

Quantum field theory (QFT) has been formulated as a theoretical tool to describe elementary particles and nuclei. However, after introducing the concept of "effective field theory," QFT has been providing a general and powerful theoretical framework for describing various universal phenomena in broader range of physical systems, including condensed matter physics and statistical physics. In this lecture, we will explore the basic aspects of field theory by employing it to address quantum many-body problems in simple nonrelativistic systems. The topics covered will include: Lecture 1: Low-energy scattering and renormalization in quantum mechanics Lecture 2: Effective field theory of low-energy scattering Lecture 3: Spontaneous symmetry breaking in weakly-interacting bose gas Lecture 4: Effective field theory of superfluid Lecture 5: Introduction to in-medium potential Lecture 6: Complex-valued in-medium potential between heavy impurities in ultracold atoms The aim is to provide an introductory overview and explanation of basics concepts in field theory. Schedule: Wed., Dec. 27 10:00 - 11:30: Lecture 1 13:00 - 14:30: Lecture 2 15:00 - 16:30: Lecture 3 Thur., Dec. 28 10:00 - 11:30: Lecture 4 13:00 - 14:30: Lecture 5 15:00 - 16:30: Lecture 6

Venue: Hybrid Format (3F #359 and Zoom), Main Research Building

Event Official Language: English

A symmetry principle for gauge theories with fractons

December 22 (Fri) at 17:00 - 18:15, 2023

Yuji Hirono (Program-Specific Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)

Fractonic phases are emergent quantum phases of matter that host excitations with restricted mobility. Although these phases have been considered to be of “beyond Landau” order, we show that a certain class of gapless fractonic phases are realized as a result of spontaneous breaking of generalized symmetries. The corresponding symmetries are continuous higher-form symmetries whose conserved charges do not commute with spatial translations, and we refer to them as nonuniform higher-form symmetries. For a given set of nonuniform symmetries, the effective theory associated with the spontaneous breaking of them can be constructed. At low energies, the theories reduce to known higher-rank gauge theories such as scalar/vector charge gauge theories, and the gapless excitations in these theories are interpreted as Nambu–Goldstone modes for higher-form symmetries. Due to the nonuniformity of the symmetry, some of the modes acquire a gap, which is the higher-form analogue of the inverse Higgs mechanism of spacetime symmetries. In this formulation, the mobility restrictions are fully determined by the choice of the commutation relations of charges with translations. This approach allows us to view existing (gapless) fracton models such as the scalar/vector charge gauge theories and their variants from a unified perspective and enables us to engineer theories with desired mobility restrictions. Field: condensed matter physics Keywords: fractonic phases, higher-form symmetries, Nambu-Goldstone modes, Higgs mechanism, gauge theories

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Breaking down the magnonic Wiedemann-Franz law in the hydrodynamic regime

December 4 (Mon) at 15:00 - 16:30, 2023

Ryotaro Sano (Ph.D. Student, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)

Quantum transport has attracted a profound growth of interest owing to its fundamental importance and many applications in condensed matter physics. Recent significant developments in experimental techniques have further boosted the study of quantum transport. Notably in ultraclean systems, strong interactions between quasi-particles drastically affect the transport properties, resulting in an emergent hydrodynamic behavior. Recent experiments on ultrapure ferromagnetic insulators have opened up new pathways for magnon hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic magnon transport implies exhibiting extraordinary features and has a potential for innovative functionalities beyond the conventional non-interacting magnon picture. However, the direct observation of magnon fluids remains an open issue due to the lack of probes to access the time and length scales characteristics of this regime. In this work, we derive a set of coupled hydrodynamic equations for a magnon fluid and study the spin and thermal conductivities by focusing on the most dominant time scales [1]. As a hallmark of the hydrodynamic regime, we reveal that the ratio between the two conductivities shows a large deviation from the so-called magnonic WF law. We also identify an origin of the drastic breakdown of the magnonic WF law as the difference in relaxation processes between spin and heat currents, which is unique to the hydrodynamic regime. Therefore, our results will become key evidence for an emergent hydrodynamic magnon behavior and lead to the direct observation of magnon fluids.

Venue: Hybrid Format (3F #359 and Zoom), Main Research Building

Event Official Language: English

Quantum skyrmion Hall effect

September 14 (Thu) at 17:00 - 18:15, 2023

Ashley Cook (Group Leader, Correlations and Topology, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Germany)

Field: condensed matter physics Keywords: topology, electron-based quantum skyrmions, spin, Berry curvature Abstract: Topological skyrmion phases of matter are recently-introduced topological phases of electronic systems in equilibrium, in which a system with more than one degree of freedom (e.g. spin and orbital degrees of freedom) realizes a topological state for a subset of the degrees of freedom (e.g. only spin). For topological skyrmion phases of spin, this topology is relevant even if spin is not conserved due to non-negligible atomic spin-orbit coupling, and is distinguished by a skyrmion forming in the spin texture over the Brillouin zone, distinct from a skyrmion forming in the texture of the projector onto occupied states over the Brillouin zone. We present results on three band Bloch Hamiltonians realizing this non-trivial spin topology, and outline some bulk-boundary correspondence features, such as gapless edge states corresponding to zero net charge—but finite spin angular momentum—pumped across the bulk gap. Tracing out the orbital degree of freedom, we can identify this spin pumping with pumping of spin point charges, and local curvature of the k-space spin skyrmion with a Berry curvature of these spin point charges. That is, the spin pumping is identified with pumping of spin magnetic skyrmions, which reduce to point magnetic charges after tracing out the orbital degree of freedom. We therefore identify topological skyrmion phases as lattice counterparts of quantized transport of quantum magnetic skyrmions, a quantum skyrmion Hall effect. This indicates that the theory of the quantum Hall effect must be generalized, by relaxing the assumption of point charges.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Quasi-local holography in 3d quantum gravity

August 4 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:30, 2023

Etera Livine (Research Director CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France)

Since the idea appeared in black hole physics, the concept of holography has become a guiding principle for quantum gravity. It is the notion that the dynamics of the geometry of a region of space-time can be entirely encoded in a theory living on its boundary. Although such holographic dualities have been well-developed in an asymptotical context, it remains a challenge to realize it exactly at finite distances. I will draw a possible route in 3d quantum gravity, by showing a duality between the Ponzano-Regge path integral for 3d quantum gravity as a topological field theory and the 2d (inhomogeneous) Ising model. This leads to an intriguing geometrical interpretation of the Ising critical couplings and opens the door to a possibly rich interplay between 3d quantum gravity and 2d condensed matter built out of holographic dualities.

Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Electronic instabilities emerging from higher-order van Hove singularities

July 24 (Mon) at 17:00 - 18:15, 2023

Xinloong Han (Postdoctoral Fellow, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)

Time: 5pm ~ 6:15pm (JST); 10am ~ 11:15am (CET); 4pm ~ 5:15pm (Taiwan) Field: condensed matter physics Keywords: topological superconductor, Van Hove singularity, Hubbard model, Kagome lattices Abstract: Competing correlated electronic states are a central topic in condensed matter physics. A typical example is the close competition between spin density wave and d-wave superconductivity in the Hubbard model on the square lattice near half filling where the band structures have saddle points at which the Fermi surface topology changes from hole type to electron type. The saddle points are called van Hove singularity (VHS) points, and host diverging density of states with power-law behavior in the two dimensions. Recently, another type of VHS, namely the higher-order VHS was investigated in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene and twisted bilayer graphene. In this talk, I will first introduce the higher-order VHS, and make comparisons to the conventional VHS. Then I will discuss the enhanced nematicity driven by large flavor number with higher-order VHSs on the square and Kagome lattices. Finally, I will show that robust topological superconductivity can emerge on the square lattice due to interplay of spin-orbital coupling and higher-order VHSs.

Venue: Hybrid Format (Common Room 246-248 and Zoom)

Event Official Language: English

The classical equations of motion of quantised gauge theories

June 23 (Fri) at 13:30 - 15:00, 2023

Tom Melia (Associate Professor, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), The University of Tokyo)

The Einstein and Maxwell equations are the jewels in the crown of classical physics. But classical physics is only an approximation to nature, arising as a limit of the underlying quantum mechanical description. And in the case of both general relativity and electromagnetism, owing to their gauge theory nature, the full set of classical equations of motion are not guaranteed to follow from the quantum theory. The time-time and time-space components of the Einstein equations in GR and Gauss’ law in EM are enforced ‘by hand' in the quantisation procedure—a choice so as to make the classical-like states behave as per our classical belief. But what if our universe was actually described by another classical-like state? For GR, the resulting modification of the Einstein equations can be packaged as the inclusion of an auxiliary energy-momentum tensor describing a ’shadow’ matter that adds no additional degrees of freedom to the theory. The homogeneous and isotropic background piece of this auxiliary matter contributes to expansion of the universe identical to cold dark matter, and the inhomogeneous components source curvature perturbations that grow linearly at linear order.

Venue: Hybrid Format (3F #359 and Zoom), Main Research Building

Event Official Language: English

Quantum skyrmion lattices in Heisenberg ferromagnets

June 8 (Thu) at 17:00 - 18:15, 2023

Andreas Haller (Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg)

Skyrmions are topological magnetic textures that can arise in noncentrosymmetric ferromagnetic materials. In most systems experimentally investigated to date, skyrmions emerge as classical objects. However, the discovery of skyrmions with nanometer length scales has sparked interest in their quantum properties. In this talk, I present our (numeric) results on the ground states of unfrustrated two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg lattices with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, where we discovered a broad region in the zero-temperature phase diagram which hosts quantum skyrmion lattices. The simulations are based on an established variational optimization algorithm for matrix product states called density matrix renormalization group, which can faithfully approximate the ground states of small 2D clusters well beyond system sizes amenable for exact diagonalization. We argue that the quantum skyrmion lattice phase can be detected experimentally in the magnetization profile via local magnetic polarization measurements as well as in the spin structure factor via neutron scattering experiments. Deep in the skyrmion ordered phase, we find that the quantum skyrmion lattice state is only weakly entangled with ‘domain wall' entanglement between quasiparticles and environment localized near the boundary spins of the skyrmion. In this ordered regime of weakly entangled entities, large clusters of O(1000) sites can be simulated with great efficiency. Field: condensed matter physics Keywords: quantum spin systems, topology, density matrix renormalization group

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Ground-state phases of the one-dimensional SU(N)-symmetric Kondo lattice model

May 11 (Thu) at 17:00 - 18:15, 2023

Keisuke Totsuka (Associate Professor, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

The Kondo-lattice model and its variants (e.g., the Kondo-Heisenberg model), in which itinerant fermions interact with immobile magnetic moments via spin-exchange coupling (Kondo coupling), have been playing an important role in understanding the physics of heavy-fermion systems. In this talk, I begin by quickly explaining how the SU(N) Kondo-lattice model, in which the spin SU(2) symmetry is generalized to SU(N), is realized in actual physical systems (e.g., cold fermions and twisted bilayer graphene), and then I focus on the ground-state properties of its one-dimensional version. Specifically, when the Kondo coupling is sufficiently large, we find ferromagnetic metallic phases that can be established rigorously as well as several insulating ones. I also show that the SU(N) Kondo-lattice model provides a natural condensed-matter realization of supersymmetric [i.e., SU(N|1)] models. Various (insulating) phases at small Kondo coupling are then explored using the machinery of bosonization and various conformal field theory (CFT) techniques, and the results are compared with the predictions of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis-type (or anomaly-matching) argument. Field: condensed matter physics Keywords: Kondo lattice model, SU(N) symmetry, supersymmetry, heavy-fermion systems, bosonization, conformal field theory

Venue: via Webex

Event Official Language: English

Topological Kondo superconductors

March 2 (Thu) at 17:00 - 18:15, 2023

Yung-Yeh Chang (Postdoctoral Researcher, National Center for Theoretical Sciences & National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan)

Spin-triplet p-wave superconductors are promising candidates for topological superconductors. They have been proposed in various heterostructures where a material with strong spin-orbit interaction is coupled to a conventional s-wave superconductor by proximity effect. However, topological superconductors existing in nature and driven purely by strong electron correlations are yet to be studied. Here we propose a realization of such a system in a class of Kondo lattice materials in the absence of proximity effect. Therein, the odd-parity Kondo hybridization mediates ferromagnetic spin-spin coupling and leads to spin-triplet resonant-valence-bond (t-RVB) pairing between local moments. Spin-triplet p±p’ wave topological superconductivity is reached when Kondo effect co-exists with t-RVB [1]. We identify the topological nature by the non-trivial topological invariant and the Majorana zero modes at edges. Our results on the superconducting transition temperature, Kondo coherent scale, and onset temperature of Kondo hybridization not only qualitatively but also quantitatively agree with the observations for UTe2, a U-based ferromagnetic heavy-electron superconductor. *This work is supported by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan. Field: condensed matter physics Keywords: strongly correlated systems, topological superconductor, Kondo effect, resonant valence bond, heavy-fermion compounds

Venue: via Webex

Event Official Language: English

Interdisciplinary Science Conference in Okinawa (ISCO 2023)

February 27 (Mon) - March 3 (Fri), 2023

The scientific method of studying the natural world has persisted over the centuries. The key to its longevity and progression lies in sharing and building upon accumulated knowledge. Physics, which explores the origin of the universe and matter; biology, which studies living organisms, and their functions and evolution; and medicine, which explores health based on the structure and function of living organisms: all have made enormous advancements that impact all aspects of our lives. As the scientific study progresses, however, additional challenges have arisen which are increasingly difficult to solve. Many of the challenges that humanity faces are in achieving sustainable development. These include environmental changes due to climate change, food crises caused by the gap between population growth and food production, and pandemics caused by the spreading of resistant bacteria and viruses. To rise to these new challenges, it is important to reassess the issues from a broader perspective: to combine the knowledge and methods of different scientific fields and to look for new approaches that can bridge the boundaries and work across multiple fields The purpose of ISCO 2023 is to bring together leading researchers in their respective fields, explore methods for solving issues through the fusion of different fields, and form a new network of researchers. The workshop will bring together speakers from Japan and abroad in the fields of space science, particle and nuclear physics, quantum computing, life sciences, and medicine to discuss the challenges they face and the latest advancements in their respective fields. We call for presentations from fields related to those subjects mentioned above and on the sustainable development of humankind. In addition, we plan to hold a poster session to facilitate a wide range of discussions. We hope that the knowledge gained at this workshop will lead to the creation of new research fields that will not only advance basic science but will also help solve the various new challenges that humanity faces.

Venue: OIST Auditorium / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

The Electron-Ion Collider: the Ultimate Electron Microscope

February 20 (Mon) at 15:00 - 16:30, 2023

Gordon Baym (Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois, USA)

How does the nucleon get its mass? Certainly not from the Higgs -- the rest masses of the quarks it contains add up to only one percent of the nucleon mass. Rather the remaining 99% comes from the zero-point energy of the quarks, antiquarks and gluons localized in the nucleon. How do nuclei differ from being a simple collection of nucleons? How are the gluons, for example, distributed in nuclei? Do they stick out, or are they clumped towards the center of the nucleon? Gluons, like dark matter unseen but playing the crucial role in gluing matter together, are strongly interacting. Do such gluons form new emergent quantum states in nuclei, as in condensed matter physics? And how is the spin of the proton -- the key to NMR imaging -- put together from the spin and orbital motion of the quarks and gluons in the proton?

Venue: Okochi Hall (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English