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Toward modeling complete supernova neutrino emissions

March 11 (Fri) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2022

Yudai Suwa (Associate Professor, Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo / Affiliate Associate Professor, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

Neutrinos are guaranteed observable from the next Galactic supernova (SN). Optical lights and gravitational waves are also observable but can be difficult to observe if SN location in the galaxy and the explosion details are unsuitable. The key to the next coming SN observation will be understanding various physical quantities using neutrinos first and then connecting them to other signals. In particular, understanding neutrinos in the late time (> 1 sec after the onset of explosion) is essential, since physics in this time scale has much smaller uncertainties than that of the early time. We should construct a simple and understandable neutrino model based on the late-time emissions. It allows us to tackle the physics in the early phase like the explosion mechanism. In this talk, I will discuss the following topics: 1) how to model the complete neutrino emissions from the very early phase up to the last observable event. 2) what physical quantities (e.g., mass and radius of neutron stars) can be extracted from observations using large statistical neutrinos as physics probes. 3) how to use these extracted physical quantities to link with the explosion mechanism of SN and multi-messenger observations.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Spin transport in ultracold atomic gases

February 18 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2022

Yuta Sekino (Postdoctoral Researcher, Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR))

In condensed matter physics, transport measurement has played crucial roles in understanding fascinating phenomena such as superconductivity and quantum Hall and Kondo effects. In this talk, we discuss the usefulness of spin transport as a probe for many-body properties in ultracold atoms. In the first part, we focus on the conductivity of alternating spin current, which includes information on superfluid gap, pseudogap, and topological phase transition. In the latter part, we consider mesoscopic spin transport between two Fermi gases weakly connected with each other. Our analysis suggests that the spin current is sensitive to whether the gases have pseudogaps, which are gap-like structures in densities of states just above the superfluid transition temperature. In this talk, we also mention similarities of ultracold atoms to neutron star matter.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Galactic archaeology with r-process elements

January 28 (Fri) at 10:00 - 11:30, 2022

Yutaka Hirai (JSPS Research Fellow, Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University / JSPS Research Fellow (Visiting Scholar), Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, USA)

Galactic archaeology studies the evolutionary histories of galaxies using information preserved in stars. Abundances of elements in stars are keys to understanding how the galaxies were evolved. It is, therefore, crucial to making it clear the origin of elements and the cycle of materials in galaxies. This talk will show the enrichment of heavy elements, including r-process elements, in dwarf galaxies and the Milky Way. Our high-resolution simulations of galaxies suggest that binary neutron star mergers play an important role in enriching r-process elements in dwarf galaxies and the Milky Way. I will also show that r-process enhanced stars in the Milky Way tend to form in dwarf galaxies previously accreted to the Milky Way. I will demonstrate that the abundance of r-process elements in stars can be used as an indicator for the early evolution of the Milky Way.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Magnetic field dependence of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova models

December 10 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2021

Jin Matsumoto (Assistant Professor, Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University)

Massive stars can explode and release huge energy (typically 10^51 erg) at the end of their life. It is one of the most energetic explosions in the Universe and is called a core-collapse supernova. The impact of the magnetic field on the explosion mechanisms of the core-collapse supernova is a long-standing mystery. Recently, we have updated our neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics supernova code (3DnSNe, Takiwaki et al. 2016) to include magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Using this code, we have performed three-dimensional MHD simulations for the evolution of non-rotating stellar cores focusing on the difference in the magnetic field of the progenitors. Initially, 20 and 27 solar mass pre-supernova progenitors are threaded by only the poloidal component of the magnetic field, which strength is 10^10 (weak) or 10^12 (strong) G. We find that the neutrino-driven explosion occurs in both the weak and strong magnetic field models. The neutrino heating is the main driver for the explosion in our models, whereas the strong magnetic field slightly supports the explosion. In my talk, I will introduce the details of this mechanism.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Axions around rotating black holes

November 12 (Fri) at 14:00 - 16:00, 2021

Hirotaka Yoshino (Institute of Cosmophysics, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University)

String theories indicate the existence of many axionlike scalar fields with light masses in addition to the QCD axion. If this is the case, an axion field around a rotating black hole extracts the energy of the black hole by the mechanism called the “superradiant instability”. Then, every astrophysical black hole is expected to wear a cloud of the axion. In this talk, I would like to give an overview on this topic, and introduce our numerical studies on the phenomena caused by the axion cloud at the last stage of the superradiant instability where the self-interaction of axions becomes important.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Recent progress on the r-process in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy

October 15 (Fri) at 16:00 - 18:00, 2021

Nobuya Nishimura (Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR))

The r-process, the rapid neutron-capture process, is a major origin of heavy nuclei beyond iron in the universe, occurring in explosive astrophysical phenomena with very neutron-rich environments. In the studies of r-process nucleosynthesis, there are several unsolved problems in nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this talk, I will briefly summarize recent progress on the studies of the r-process, mainly focusing on neutron star mergers. We will see that the scenario of neutron star mergers is consistent with several observations, e.g., GW170817 with a kilonova, chemical evolution of r-process elements. In addition, nevertheless, there are several remaining (or newly realized) problems on the origin of r-process elements in the universe. Focusing on our own research, I will introduce attempts to address these issues.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

The Polarised ring of the Supermassive Black Hole in M87: EHT observations and theoretical modeling

September 3 (Fri) at 14:00 - 16:00, 2021

Yosuke Mizuno (T.D. Lee Fellow / Associate Professor, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China)

The Event Horizon Telescope has mapped the central compact radio source of the elliptical galaxy M87 at 1.3 mm with unprecedented angular resolution. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 micro-arcsecond, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the “shadow” of a supermassive black hole. Recently EHT has provided new images of the polarised emission around the central black hole in M87 on event-horizon scale. This polarised synchrotron emission probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. We found that the net azimuthal linear polarisation pattern may result from organised, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large simulated polarimetric image library, we found that magnetically arrested accretion disks are favoured to explain polarimetric EHT observations. In this talk, I also briefly discuss about a new modelling study of M87 jets in the collimation and acceleration region.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Fallback Accretion in Binary Neutron Star Mergers

July 9 (Fri) at 16:00 - 17:30, 2021

Wataru Ishizaki (Postdoctoral Fellows, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

The gravitational wave event GW170817 with a kilonova shows that a merger of two neutron stars ejects matter with radioactivity including r-process nucleosynthesis. A part of the ejecta inevitably falls back to the central object, possibly powering long-lasting activities of a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB), such as extended and plateau emissions. We investigate the fallback accretion with the r-process heating by performing one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations and developing a semi-analytical model. We show that the usual fallback rate dM/dt \propto t^{-5/3} is halted by the heating. The characteristic halting timescale is $\sim 10^4$--$10^8$ sec for the GW170817-like r-process heating, which is long enough to continue the long-lasting emission of sGRBs. Furthermore, we propose a new interpretation of the recently reported re-brightening in the annual-scale X-ray light curve of GW170817. We model the fallback of the merger ejecta and construct a simple light curve model from the accreting ejecta. We find that the X-ray flux excess can be well explained by the fallback of the post-merger ejecta such as the disk wind from the accretion disk of the merger remnant rather than by the fallback of the dynamical ejecta. The duration of the constant luminosity phase conveys the initial fallback timescale t_0 in the past. Future observations in the next decades will probe the timescale of t_0 \sim 10--10^4 sec, around the time of extended emission in short gamma-ray bursts.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Theory of Core-Collapse Supernovae

June 25 (Fri) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2021

Akira Harada (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Magnetorotational Instability: Current Understanding and Perspective

May 28 (Fri) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2021

Takashi Minoshima (Researcher, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC))

The differentially rotating flow can be destabilized in the presence of a weak magnetic field through the magnetorotational instability (MRI). The MRI is considered as a possible mechanism for outward angular momentum transport and subsequent mass accretion in accretion disks. Numerous studies have been devoted to understand its nature and judge whether it can supply the power sufficient for observed transport efficiency. For example, the MHD simulation studies have attempted to reveal the scaling of the MRI on numerical (e.g., resolution and domain size) as well as physical parameters (e.g., magnetic field intensity and configuration). In this talk, I would like to discuss current understanding and perspective of the MRI through theoretical and numerical studies. I will especially focus on the impact of transport coefficients (viscosity, resistivity, and their ratio) on the evolution of the MRI and disk.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

The Evolution of Primordial Neutrino Helicities under Gravitational and Magnetic Fields and Implications for their Detection

February 22 (Mon) at 10:00 - 11:30, 2021

Gordon Baym (Senior Visiting Scientist, iTHEMS / Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois, USA)

Feb.22 (Mon) 10:00am-11:30am (JST) Primordial neutrinos decoupled in the early universe in helicity eigenstates. As I will discuss, two effects -- dependent on neutrinos having a non-zero mass -- can modify their helicities as they propagate through the cosmos. First, finite mass neutrinos have a magnetic moment and thus their spins, but not their momenta, precess in cosmic and galactic magnetic fields. The second is the propagation of neutrinos past cosmic matter density fluctuations, which bend their momenta, and bend their spins by a smaller amount. (The latter is a general relativistic effect.) Both effects turn a fraction of left-handed neutrinos into right-handed neutrinos, and right-handed antineutrinos into left-handed. If neutrino magnetic moments approach that suggested by the XENON1T experiment as a possible explanation of their excess of low energy electron events -- a value well beyond the moment predicted by the standard model -- helicities of relic Dirac (but not Majorana) neutrinos could be considerably randomized. I finally will discuss the implications of neutrino helicity rotation, as well as their Dirac vs. Majorana nature, on their detection rates via the Inverse Tritium Beta Decay reaction.

Venue: via Online

Event Official Language: English

ABBL/iTHEMS seminar - talk on ultra-high energy cosmic rays

January 31 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2020

Eiji Kido (Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR))

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English

ABBL/iTHEMS seminar - talk on neutron stars

January 24 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2020

Hajime Sotani (Research Scientist, iTHEMS / Research Scientist, Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR))

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English

Constraining superheavy dark matter with the multi-messenger observations of accompanying radiation

December 20 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2019

Yana Zhezher (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo)

One of the main alternatives for the weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) dark matter scenario are the super-heavy X particles with masses larger than the weak scale by orders of magnitude. We assume the experimentally more plausible scenario of decaying superheavy dark matter (SHDM), which leads to the production secondary particles: electrons, positrons, gamma rays and neutrinos. The hypothetical X-particle has two main parameters: it’s mass MX and lifetime ?, which can be indirectly constrained by comparisons of predicted flux of secondary particles with the astrophysical observations. We present the limits on the SHDM parameters derived with the multi-messenger data from the Fermi-LAT, IceCube and other experiments.

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English

Seminar talk on GRB190114C

December 11 (Wed) at 13:45 - 15:30, 2019

Susumu Inoue (Research Scientist, iTHEMS)

Detection of very high energy gamma-rays (~TeV) from GRB190114C by MAGIC telescope is reported in the latest nature issue. Dr. Susumu Inoue (iThems) who is one of MAGIC team members will give a seminar talk on this exciting event.

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English

A multiscale study of turbulent heating in hot accretion flows

November 18 (Mon) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2019

Yohei Kawazura (Assistant Professor, Tohoku University)

Recently, the Event Horizon Telescope (ETH) collaboration revealed the stunning picture of radiation from the vicinity of the black hole. For accurate interpretation of the observation, it is crucial to understand the nature of plasma in the accretion disk. The disks that EHT is observing are called radiatively inefficient accretion flows, in which the plasma is hot and dilute, and consequently collisionless. In collisionless plasma, ions and electrons can have different temperatures as they do not thermally relax through Coulomb interaction. The ion-to-electron temperature ratio is the key to interpreting the observation because we can measure only the electrons' energy via radiation. To study ion and electron heating, kinetic treatment, rather than hydrodynamic treatment, is necessary. However, kinetic plasma turbulence is an extremely challenging subject. Therefore, we utilized gyrokinetics that is widely used in magnetic confinement fusion research. Our new multiscale approach treats a "large scale" where turbulence is driven by magnetorotational instability via MHD, and a "small scale" where turbulence is dissipated via gyrokinetics. Using this approach, we formulated a prescription of ion-to-electron heating ratio. In my talk, I will also present basic knowledge that is necessary to study collisionless turbulent heating.

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English

Dark matter search in extended dwarf spheroidal galaxies with CTA

October 11 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2019

Nagisa Hiroshima (Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)

The nature of dark matter (DM) is still a big mystery. Among the varieties of candidates, Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is one of the most promising ones. Gamma-ray observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) by Fermi satellites put the strongest constraints at mDM<~ a few hundreds of GeV. In the near future, Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) starts its operations and expect to probe WIMP of mDM>~O(1)TeV. Different from previous experiments, spatial distributions of DM in dSphs are resolved with CTA. In this talk, I explain how it affects our accessibility to DM annihilation cross-section.

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English

Angular power spectrum analysis on current and future high-energy neutrino data

September 18 (Wed) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2019

Ariane Dekker (Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands)

The astrophysical neutrino events that have been measured in the last couple of years show an isotropic distribution on the sky. To constrain the contribution of source populations to the observed neutrino sky, we consider isotropic and anisotropic components of the diffuse neutrino data. We simulate through-going muon neutrino events by applying statistical distributions for the fluxes of extra-galactic sources and investigate the sensitivities of current (IceCube) and future (IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT) experiments. I will show that the angular power spectrum is a powerful probe to assess the angular characteristics of neutrino data and demonstrate that we are already constraining rare and bright sources with current IceCube data. In addition, I will investigate the decay and annihilation of very heavy dark matter as a potential neutrino source suggested by the excess in HESE data. We apply our angular power spectrum analysis to HESE data for different channels, allowing us to interpret the observed neutrino sky and perform a sensitivity forecast.

Venue: #160, 1F, Main Research Building

Event Official Language: English

ABBL/iTHEMS/r-EMU Joint Seminar: Towards systematic and consistent nuclear data inputs for astrophysical r-process with Bayesian approaches

June 28 (Fri) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2019

Haozhao Liang (Senior Research Scientist, Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science (RNC))

This is his 2nd seminar talk for non-experts of nuclear physics, following the 1st one on 18th Jan. 2019. Abstract: In this interdisciplinary talk, I will start with some basic concepts as well as some frontiers of nuclear physics, and then introduce the roles of nuclear data inputs for the study of astrophysical rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), which is responsible for the creation of approximately half the abundances of the atomic nuclei heavier than iron. Recent progress in nuclear physics focuses on improving the accuracy of crucial nuclear inputs, such as nuclear masses, beta-decay half-lives. Nevertheless, in most of the studies these inputs are investigated individually. One of our ongoing attempts is to organize the crucial nuclear inputs in a systematic and consistent way, together with Bayesian and/or machine learning approaches, which are able to provide not only the theoretical results but also the corresponding uncertainties.

Venue: 224-226, Main Research Building

Event Official Language: English

Using combined Particles-in-MHD-Cells to model particle acceleration in astrophysical shocks

June 17 (Mon) at 14:00 - 15:00, 2019

Allard Jan van Marle (Research Professor, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea)

Astrophysical shocks can accelerate charged particles through diffusive shock acceleration. This process involves repeated shock crossings where the particle gains energy from collisions with the electromagnetic field. Eventually, these particles will reach relativistic speeds and can be observed as cosmic rays. In order to simulate this process, we need a method that can handle both the large-scale structure of astrophysical shocks, as well as the behaviour of individual particles. We achieve this by combining the classical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) methods. This allows us to describe the thermal plasma of the shock through MHD, while simultaneously using PIC to follow the movement of non-thermal particles as they are accelerated. Our results show a complicated interaction that destabilizes the shock, reducing the efficiency with which particles can be accelerated.

Venue: Seminar Room #132

Event Official Language: English