リサーチニュース
54 ニュース
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2022-08-26
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Applying quantum speed limits to macroscopic systems
An expression for the maximum speed at which changes in macroscopic systems can occur has been derived by a theoretical physicist at RIKEN. This will deepen our understanding of quantum phenomena in systems that are not in equilibrium. One of the hardest aspects of quantum mechanics to grasp is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that states that it is not possible to simultaneously pin down both the position and momentum of an object. In other words, the more precisely a particle’s position is determined, the broader the range of its possible momentum becomes (and vice versa). In 1945, two physicists, Leonid Mandelstam and Igor Tamm, focused on another type of the uncertainty relation, namely one between time and energy fluctuation, and showed that transitions in quantum systems don’t happen instantaneously; rather, the speed at which a transition occurs is capped by an amount determined by how much the energy of the system fluctuates. Many other so-called quantum speed limits have subsequently been derived, which have helped better understand the physics of quantum systems and have been useful in various quantum applications. But big problems arise when quantum speed limits are applied to macroscopic systems. “Previous quantum speed limits, which are useful for small systems, typically become meaningless for macroscopic transitions,” notes Ryusuke Hamazaki of the Nonequilibrium Quantum Statistical Mechanics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team. “For example, conventional quantum speed limits give an infinite upper bound for the speed of transitions in a gas made up of atoms.” To read more, please visit the related link.
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2022-07-21
リサーチニュース
RIKEN NEWS: 原子も群れをつくって集団行動
ムクドリやイワシの大群が一斉に方向転換をするなど秩序だった集団行動をする姿は神秘的です。同様の現象は私たちの細胞など、より小さな世界でも確認されています。そして、さらに小さな原子の世界でも引き起こせることを、コンピュータによるシミュレーションで理論的に確認したという足立景亮基礎科学特別研究員（以下、研究員）に話を聞きました。 続きは関連リンクをご覧ください。
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2022-06-28
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Flitting between the wings of a butterfly
Just making small tweaks to certain variables could potentially modify extreme weather events such as sudden downpours, computer simula- tions by two RIKEN researchers have shown. Scientists have long desired to develop ways to control the weather. Research in this area has intensified due to climate change, which is giving rise to more extreme weather events. Present methods for modifying the weather have limited success. Seeding the atmosphere can induce rain, but only when the atmosphere is already in a state where it might rain. Geoen- gineering projects have been envisioned, but they have yet to be conducted due to concerns about unpredicted long-term effects. As a promising approach, Takemasa Miyoshi and Qiwen Sun, both of the RIKEN Center for Computational Science, have looked to chaos theory to assess the possibility of mitigating weather events such as torrential rain by making small changes. Instead of con- sidering the weather system in all its complexity, they focused on a far simpler system—the butterfly attractor. To read more, please see related links.
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2022-06-28
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Worming out of the black-hole information paradox
RIKEN physicist and two colleagues have found that a wormhole—a theoretical bridge connecting distant regions of the Universe—may help to shed light on the mystery of what happens to information about matter consumed by black holes. Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicts that nothing that falls into a black hole can escape its clutches. But in the 1970s, Stephen Hawking calculated that black holes should emit radiation when quantum mechanics, the theory governing the microscopic realm, is considered. “This is called black hole evaporation because the black hole shrinks, just like an evaporating water droplet,” explains Kanato Goto of the RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences. To read more, please see related links.
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2022-04-25
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Quantum computing and deep learning could help solve the mysteries of quantum gravity
RIKEN physicists have put quantum computing and deep learning through their paces and found that they are powerful tools for gleaning insights into new theories of quantum gravity [1]. They could thus help solve one of the most formidable challenges in modern physics—developing a theory of gravity that jives with quantum physics. When Einstein nutted out his theory of general relativity in 1915, his only tools were pen and paper. The same was true of the pioneers of quantum theory. But the next major breakthrough in theoretical physics could be made with help from emerging technologies such as quantum computers and machine learning, Enrico Rinaldi of RIKEN Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory thinks. “I believe these technologies are poised to transform the way we do theoretical physics,” he says. To read more, please visit the related link.
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2022-04-08
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Ringing black holes could put general relativity to the test
Typical overtone chords in the gravitational waves produced when black holes collide could be used to test general relativity, a mathematical analysis by a RIKEN physicist has shown [1]. When black holes merge, they generate gravitational waves, which ripple outward like sound waves from a ringing bell. In theory, these gravitational waves can be broken down into tones and overtones—like in music—based on their different frequencies and the rate at which they dampen and die out. But in practice, gravitational-wave detectors are not yet sensitive enough to definitively pick up the overtones. However, cosmologists are keen to measure the precise oscillation pattern because it can tell them more about a black hole’s properties. In particular, the mass of the black hole and the rate at which it is spinning can be calculated from the damping rate and frequency. “It’s like when you hear an instrument, you can understand if it is a guitar or a piano,” says Naritaka Oshita of the RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS). To read more, please visit the related link.
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2022-04-06
リサーチニュース
The Horse: Breeding Mares Early in Life Might Lead to Early Fertility Decline
Jeffrey Fawcett (Senior Research Scientist, iTHEMS) and his research was featured in an article in The Horse. If you want to breed an older mare, you might consider how old she was when she was first bred. According to a new study in Japanese racehorses, broodmare fertility appears to decrease slowly over the years, on a downhill slope that follows her number of breeding years—and not just her age. “Our results suggest that the fertility of a mare is the highest at (her) first year breeding and gradually declines every year,” said Jeffrey Fawcett, PhD, a biologist and senior research scientist at RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), in Saitama, Japan. To read more, please visit the related link.
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2022-04-06
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Thermal electrons play key role in determining emissions from gamma-ray-burst afterglows
he presence of unusually energetic gamma rays seen in some afterglows from intense gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could be explained by a new mathematical model developed by RIKEN researchers1. This finding could help to shed light on the origin of GRBs. A GRB is a spectacular eruption of energy produced by violent events such as the explosive death of a massive star, or the collision of two neutron stars. A GRB also shoots a jet of matter and energy into the material that surrounded the star, shocking particles such as protons and electrons and causing them to emit radiation. The emitted photons, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, can be detected from Earth as a GRB afterglow. The vast majority of GRB afterglow observations can be explained by current theories, which should come as no surprise: they wouldn’t be the current theories if they didn’t match reality. But the afterglows of two recent GRBs produced gamma rays with unusually high energies that strain these theories. “The surprise with these two bursts was that we had never detected photons this energetic before,” says Donald Warren of the RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS). To read more, please visit the related link.
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2022-02-14
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Modeling high-harmonic generation without resorting to perturbation theory
An advanced mathematical model that can describe high-energy interactions between light and matter has been developed by two RIKEN researchers and a collaborator [1]. The approach could be extended to offer new insights in other areas of physics. High-harmonic generation is a powerful technique that converts laser light from one wavelength, or color, to another. Put simply, it converts a low-energy, long-wavelength photon into multiple higher energy, shorter wavelength photons. High-harmonic generation has several applications. For example, it offers a way to create table-top sources of extreme ultraviolet or x-ray light using lasers, rather than expensive synchrotron facilities. High-harmonic generation can also produce ultrashort light pulses, as short as one attosecond ($10^{-18}$ second) or maybe even one zeptosecond ($10^{-21}$ second), which are useful for imaging extremely rapid processes such as those that occur in atoms. But high-harmonic generation is inherently difficult to model mathematically, and thus understand fully. Now, Hidetoshi Taya and Masaru Hongo from the RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS) Program, together with their colleague Tatsuhiko Ikeda from the University of Tokyo, have developed an analytical approach to high-harmonic generation in the so-called non-perturbative regime for the first time. To read more, please visit the related link.
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2022-01-14
リサーチニュース
RIKEN NEWS: ゲノム情報に隠された進化の法則を探る
ジェフリ・フォーセット上級研究員のインタビュー記事が、理研の研究紹介ページ「クローズアップ科学道 2022」に掲載されました。 地球上に生命が誕生して約40憶年。長い年月を経て生物は多種多様に進化してきました。これはゲノムの進化の歴史でもあります。種ごとの違いはどのようにして生じてきたのか、ジェフリ・フォーセット上級研究員（以下、研究員）は、数理科学のアプローチを取り入れながらこの謎の解明に挑戦しています。 続きは、関連リンクをご覧ください。
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2021-12-13
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Exotic six-quark particle predicted by supercomputers
Dr. Takuya Sugiura (Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS) was featured in the Research News on the RIKEN website. The predicted existence of an exotic particle made up of six elementary particles known as quarks by RIKEN researchers could deepen our understanding of how quarks combine to form the nuclei of atoms. To read more, please see the related links.
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2021-07-29
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Smoking-gun evidence for neutrinos’ role in supernova explosions
Supernova explosions are sustained by neutrinos from neutron stars, a new observation suggests. Shigehiro Nagataki (Deputy Program Director, iTHEMS) were interviewed in the article.
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2021-07-27
リサーチニュース
広報誌 RIKEN 2021にiTHEMSの研究活動や研究員が掲載されました
広報誌 RIKEN 2021の複数の記事にiTHEMSの研究と研究員が掲載されました。 p.8-9: 蒸発するブラックホールの内部を理論的に記述し、その正体に迫る（横倉 祐貴） p.10-11: 扉イメージ（ドン・ウォレン） p.20-21: 数理モデルで生物学の謎に挑む（iTHEMS生物学セミナースタディーグループ）
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2021-06-28
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Physics modeling of viral spread between cells
Prof. Catherine Beauchemin (Deputy Program Director, iTHEMS) was featured in the summer issue of RIKEN RESEARCH 2021. Describe your role at RIKEN - I first joined RIKEN in 2016 as a senior visiting scientist at iTHES, the predecessor of the Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS) program. In 2020, I became one of four iTHEMS deputy program directors. I am in a field I call ‘virophysics’; the application of physics methods to virology. Primarily, I construct computer and mathematical models to explain the experimental observations made when viruses infect cell cultures. In biology, such knowledge is usually advanced through experimental trial and error, but physics modeling can help streamline this process. To read more, please see the related links.
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2021-06-25
リサーチニュース
RIKEN NEWS: 基礎研究の意義はどこにあるのか
初田哲男プログラムディレクターのインタビュー記事が、理研の研究紹介ページ「クローズアップ科学道」と「RIKEN NEWS Summer 2021」に掲載されました。 宇宙はどのように誕生したのか。物質はなぜその物質であり続けるのか。生命の源はどこにあるのか。根本的な問いを追求する基礎研究は、成果が出てもすぐに具体的な実用化につながることが少なく、はたから見ると何をやっているのかよくわからない部分があります。基礎研究とは、いったいどんなことをしているのか、数理創造プログラム（iTHEMS）の初田哲男プログラムディレクター（PD）に聞きました。 続きは、関連リンクをご覧ください。
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2021-04-02
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Supernova simulations reveal how stellar explosions shape debris clouds
Astronomers are now in a better position to interpret observations of supernova remnants thanks to computer simulations of these cataclysmic events by RIKEN astrophysicists.
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2021-03-01
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Supernova had a missing companion star
The massive star that exploded to form the supernova known as Cassiopeia A most likely had a companion star that has yet to be spotted, a spectro-scopic analysis by RIKEN astro-physicists suggests.
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2021-03-01
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: RIKEN and JAXA collaborate on real-time rainfall forecasts
Researchers from RIKEN, Chiba Univer-sity, the University of Tokyo and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) have used a combination of satellite data and supercomputer simulations to offer five-day rainfall forecasts over the Internet covering the globe. Dr. Takemasa Miyoshi (iTHEMS/R-CCS) commented in the article.
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2021-02-08
リサーチニュース
RIKEN NEWS: 宇宙の物質進化を追う ─ 原子核から原子・分子へ
理研内で「宇宙における物質進化 ─ 原子核・原子・分子・その先へ」と題したプロジェクトが2019年度から5年計画で進行している。開拓研究本部の坂井星・惑星形成研究室、玉川高エネルギー宇宙物理研究室、長瀧天体ビッグバン研究室が核となり、理研内外の研究者が集結。物理と化学が融合した新しい宇宙研究を実現し、原子核から原子、分子へと至る物質進化をつなげて理解することを目指す。
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2021-01-13
リサーチニュース
RIKEN NEWS: 30秒ごとに更新するゲリラ豪雨予報
局所的・突発的に猛烈な雨が降り、冠水や停電を引き起こすなど、日常生活を脅かすゲリラ豪雨が社会問題化して久しい。しかし、現在の天気予報の技術では、ゲリラ豪雨の発生を予測できない。計算科学研究センターデータ同化研究チームの三好建正チームリーダー（TL）は、30秒ごとに観測データを取り込んで更新する革新的な天気予報手法を開発し、ゲリラ豪雨予報を実現しようとしている。
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2020-11-13
リサーチニュース
Dark-matter candidate could display stringy effects in the lab
-Calculations show how theoretical ‘axionic strings’ could create odd behavior if produced in exotic materials in the lab- A hypothetical particle that could solve one of the biggest puzzles in cosmology just got a little less mysterious. A RIKEN physicist and two colleagues have revealed the mathematical underpinnings that could explain how so-called axions might generate string-like entities that create a strange voltage in lab materials[1].
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2020-09-07
リサーチニュース
RIKEN NEWS: 優駿の生産を夢見て
The article written by Dr. Jeffrey Fawcett, Senior Research Scientist, was published in this month's RIKEN News. He wrote about the genetics of Thoroughbred horses and his research using genomic data of Japanese Thoroughbreds.
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2020-09-02
リサーチニュース
Dr. Nagisa Hiroshima and Dr. Yoshiyuki Inoue were highlighted in an article of RIKEN 2020 about Dark Matter Search
It is our great pleasure to inform you that our iTHEMS colleagues, Nagisa Hiroshima and Yoshiyuki Inoue, are highlighted in RIKEN Annual Report 2020 for their leading role in organizing the iTHEMS "Dark Matter Working Group". This working group aims at creating a new domestic and international network of theoretical and experimental physicists who are interested in dark matter search.
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2020-06-26
リサーチニュース
RIKEN Research: Modeling the insides of a neutron star
Astrophysicists at RIKEN have developed an improved model for the interior structure of neutron stars. It agrees well with obser-vations, and, unlike previous models, it can be extended to consider what happens when two neutron stars merge.Neutron stars are incred-ibly dense, being the size of a medium asteroid but having masses similar to that of the Sun. They have an onion-like structure, which theorists have been trying to model. To read more, please see the related link.
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2020-06-26
リサーチニュース
"Minute-to-minute weather prediction" article on RIKEN RESEARCH by Takemasa Miyoshi
Deputy Program Director at iTHEMS Dr. Takemasa Miyoshi talks about weather simulation using a supercomputer "Fugaku".
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2020-06-25
リサーチニュース
A Black Hole’s Lunch Provides a Treat for Astronomers
iTHEMS Senior visiting scientist, Gordon Baym, gave a comment on GW190814 in New York Times.
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2020-06-25
リサーチニュース
Is interdisciplinary research really the best way to tackle global challenges?
In this magazine article, various researchers include Dr. Tetsuo Hatsuda advocate for issues and opinions about interdisciplinary research. Please read it at the related link.
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2020-06-25
リサーチニュース
Neutron star particles go under the LHC microscope
This article form Symmetry contains an interview with Dr. Tetsuo Hatsuda, Program Director at iTHEMS . Please enjoy.
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2020-05-18
リサーチニュース
Mesoscopic spin transport between strongly interacting Fermi gases
Understanding of physical properties for quantum many-body systems with strong interparticle interactions is one of key issues common to various subfields of physics. Such systems range from high-Tc superconductors in solid-state physics to neutron star interiors in nuclear physics. Among these systems, ultracold atoms are very pure atomic gases whose interactions can be tuned by optical and/or magnetic fields. The ultracold atoms thus provide an ideal platform to simulate the strongly interacting systems. Recently, quantum transport of ultracold atoms have been actively investigated in order to clarify how strong interactions affect their nonequilibrium properties. Motivated by this experimental situation, we theoretically study spin transport for strongly interacting Fermi gases in two-terminal setup where the gases in left and right reservoirs are connected via a narrow construction (see Figure). In particular, the spin current for normal Fermi gases in two situations are focused on. The first situation is the pseudogap region, where both gases have small spin polarizations and are above the superfluid transition temperature. In this case, spin-up and spin-down fermions in each reservoir prefer to form pairs (so-called preformed Cooper pairs) due to the strong attractive interaction. Because of this pairing effect, the spin degrees of freedom tend to be frozen and thus the spin current is largely suppressed. The other situation is a region where the gases in the left and right reservoirs have large spin polarizations with opposite sign. In this case, minority-spin particles behave as the “Fermi polarons,” which are quasiparticles consisting of minority-spin particles dressed by majority-spin ones. The appearance of the Fermi polarons results in the increase of the minority densities of states, leading to the enhancement of the spin current. Our results suggest that the spin transport measurement becomes a sensitive probe to experimentally examine pseudogap and polaron phenomena, which have attracted much attention not only in atomic physics but also in solid-state physics.
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2020-02-26
リサーチニュース
「理研の博士に聞いてみよう！」新作を公開しました（權業博士）
「理研の博士に聞いてみよう！」は、理研の研究の最前線を子ども向けに分かりやすく解説したコンテンツです。
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2020-02-19
リサーチニュース
Modeling the insides of a neutron star -- Improvements to a model for the inside of a neutron star make it applicable to neutron star mergers
RIKEN astrophysicists have developed an improved model for the interior structure of neutron stars that agrees well with observations. Unlike previous models, it can be extended to consider what happens when two neutron stars merge. The collapsed remnants of giant stars, neutron stars are fascinating objects. They are a mere 20−30 kilometers in diameter but are nearly 400,000–600,000 times more massive than the Earth, which makes them incredibly dense. Neutron stars are not uniform agglomerations of neutrons—like the astrophysical equivalent of a giant atomic nucleus containing only neutrons. Rather they have an onion-like structure. Theorists have been busy trying to model this internal structure based on quantum mechanics and data from observations.
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2019-12-18
リサーチニュース
Blasts from the past, article on RIKEN Research with reference of iTHEMS Researchers
The evolution of an exploding star begins more haphazardly than previously thought.
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2019-11-22
リサーチニュース
Discovery of teraelectronvolt photons from gamma-ray bursts: A new window for exploring the most luminous explosions in the Universe
On January 14, 2019, TeV gamma rays (photons with energies a trillion times that of visible light) were clearly detected for the very first time from a gamma-ray burst (GRB; dubbed GRB 190114C) by the MAGIC telescopes. The very high energy of the individual photons as well as the high power of the total signal demonstrate that they must be produced by a physical process that is distinct from the previously known afterglow synchrotron radiation. Combined with extensive multiwavelength data obtained by a large number of observatories from the radio to GeV bands, the most likely mechanism is judged to be "inverse Compton” radiation associated with the afterglow, whereby some synchrotron photons are significantly boosted in energy by colliding with high-energy electrons [1]. These findings were reported in two papers published on Nov. 21 in the journal Nature, one authored by the MAGIC Collaboration where Susumu Inoue of iTHEMS is the first corresponding author [2], and the other co-authored by a large team of astronomers including the MAGIC Collaboration [3]. Caption for the figure: Spectra of GRB 190114C in the X-ray to TeV gamma-ray energy range during two time intervals (top: 68-110 seconds after the beginning of the GRB; bottom: 110-180 seconds ibid.). Markers reflect data: white circles are observed MAGIC data; orange circles are MAGIC data corrected for intergalactic propagation effects. Curves are theoretical models: thin solid curves are synchrotron emission and inverse Compton emission shown separately; thick blue curves are their sum; dashed curves are inverse Compton emission when neglecting internal absorption effects.
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2019-11-19
リサーチニュース
Article about iTHEMS on Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan
Professor Takashi Tsuboi, Deputy Program Director of iTHEMS posted an article about RIKEN iTHEMS on Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan. See the article in the November issue from the following link.
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2019-10-30
リサーチニュース
The modelling work on supernova remnants made at ABBL & iTHEMS is highlighted in the latest image release from NASA's Chandra observatory
On October 17 the Chandra X-ray Observatory released an updated image of the supernova remnant known as Tycho. Supernova remnants, the aftermath of a stellar explosion, are key to understand how stars end their lives, and how physical elements are synthetized and distributed in the galaxy. The new image, besides being visually striking, contains important clues to understand the explosion physics. Two papers are introduced in the text of the image release. The first paper, Sato et al 2019 (Genus Statistic Applied to the X-ray Remnant of SN 1572: Clues to the Clumpy Ejecta Structure of Type Ia Supernovae), used a new image analysis technique to mathematically characterize the clumpiness of the ejecta. The second paper, Ferrand et al 2019 (From the supernova to the supernova remnant: the three-dimensional imprint of a thermonuclear explosion), presented 3D numerical simulations made from a physically-motivated supernova explosion model. Both works conclude that part of the irregularities visible on the image, at an age of about 450 yr, were actually present from the very beginning. The two teams are now collaborating on the image analysis for the comparison of observations with models. Related work is also on-going with other colleagues at Rikkyo University. The 3D printed model on the photo was made from G. Ferrand's simulations. Credit: RIKEN/G. Ferrand, et al & NASA/CXC/SAO/A. Jubett, N. Wolk & K. Arcand
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2019-09-17
リサーチニュース
Tracking down the origin of photons in gamma-ray bursts, article on RIKEN Research by Drs. S. Nagataki & D. Warren
The photons released by long gamma-ray bursts - the most powerful electromagnetic phenomena in the Universe - originate in the photosphere, the visible portion of the ‘relativistic jet’ emitted by exploding stars, according to simulations by RIKEN researchers.
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2019-09-17
リサーチニュース
The shape of circadian rhythm, article on RIKEN Research by Drs. S. Gibo & G. Kurosawa
The waveforms of circadian cycles in bacteria, flies and mammals become increasingly jagged as the temperature rises, two RIKEN researchers have predicted. This finding is a step toward solving the mystery of how circadian rhythms remain consistent under changing conditions.
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2019-09-04
リサーチニュース
iTHEMS is focused on RIKEN NEWS
iTHEMS is focused on RIKEN NEWS. See the cover and the article on August issue (page 6 from the following link).
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2019-08-30
リサーチニュース
Gilles Ferrand was highlighted in a recent article of RIKEN Research "Supernova remnants used to probe how star explosion took shape"
RIKEN astrophysicists have bridged the gap between studies of supernova and those of their remnants by using the output of a supernova model as the input for a model of a supernova remnant. This approach offers a way to assess the validity of supernova models.
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2019-05-15
リサーチニュース
Masaru Hongo was highlighted in a recent article of RIKEN RESEARCH "Describing the early Universe by simplifying complicated equations"
A powerful mathematical method for simplifying the analysis of highly complex systems has been extended by a RIKEN-led team. This will enhance its usefulness for researchers in a wide range of fields.
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2019-05-08
リサーチニュース
Masaru Hongo and Tatsuhiro Misumi were highlighted in a recent article of RIKEN RESEARCH "A smaller spin system yields its phase diagram"
By employing a clever approximation, three theoretical physicists at RIKEN (Masaru Hongo and Tatsuhiro Misumi of the iTHEMS and Yuya Tanizaki of the RIKEN BNL Research Center) have calculated the phase diagram for an extension of a system proposed over 30 years ago. In addition to advancing the theory of condensed matter physics, this finding could have practical implications for systems made up of particles with the quantum property of spin. This research highlighted in a recent article of RIKEN RESEARCH.
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2019-05-08
リサーチニュース
Review on synthetic dimensions published in Nature Reviews Physics
Nature Reviews Physics is a new journal, just launched this year, focusing on publishing reviews in the area of physics. Dr. Tomoki Ozawa (iTHEMS Senior Research Scientist) together with Dr. Hannah M. Price (University of Birmingham, UK) wrote a review for Nature Reviews Physics on “synthetic dimension,” which is a recently emerging method for simulating high dimensional models using low dimensional platforms making use of non-spatial degrees of freedom as effective dimensions. The review summarizes the current status of the research of synthetic dimensions with a focus on atomic, molecular, and optical physics, where the method is most actively studied. A figure from the review is also adapted for the cover of the May 2019 issue of Nature Reviews Physics.
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2019-04-01
リサーチニュース
Review on Topological Photonics published in RMP
A team of physicists led by Dr. Tomoki Ozawa (iTHEMS Senior Research Scientist) published a review article titled "Topological photonics" in Reviews of Modern Physics. Study of topological phases of matter started in solid-state physics through the discovery of the quantum Hall effect. However, it has been recognized during the past decade that topological band structures, which are at the heart of the phenomenon of the integer quantum Hall effect, are general properties of waves inside medium, and thus are much more ubiquitous. One of the most active fields outside solid-state electron systems where topological physics has been studied is photonics. This review summarizes the current status of the study of topological band structures and topological phases of matter in photonics and related fields. The review is authored by an international collaboration of eleven scientists including both theoretical and experimental researchers from eight different countries.
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2019-03-12
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Papers soon-to-be published in Nature Communications
A recent paper authored by several iTHEMS members has been accepted for publication in Nature Communications. The authors from iTHEMS include Hirotaka Ito (ABBL /iTHEMS), Shigehiro Nagataki (ABBL/iTHEMS) and Don Warren (iTHEMS). Congratulations! There will be a press release. Here is the explanation on the article by Hirataka Ito: "The photospheric origin of the Yonetoku relation in gamma-ray bursts” by Hirotaka Ito, Jin Matsumoto, Shigehiro Nagataki, Donald C. Warren, Maxim V. Barkov & Daisuke Yonetoku Accepted for publication in Nature Communications. arXiv:1806.00590 Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), an intense flash of gamma-rays that is observed almost every day, are the brightest event in the Universe. Decades of studies have revealed that they are originating from a relativistic jet launched at the death of massive star. However, exactly how the gamma-rays are emitted from the jet is still veiled in mystery. One unresolved question is the origin of the correlation between the spectral peak energy and peak luminosity discovered in observations. This “Yonetoku relation” is the tightest correlation found in the properties of GRB emission, providing the best diagnostic for the emission mechanism. In this study, we focused on the so-called “photospheric emission” model which is one of the leading models for the emission mechanism of GRBs. To test the validity of the model, global dynamics of relativistic jet and radiation transfer must be taken into account. To tackle this issue, we performed three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and radiation transfer calculations to evaluate photospheric emission from relativistic jet that is breaking out of massive star envelope. Our simulations revealed that the Yonetoku relation is reproduced as a natural consequence of the jet-stellar interactions. This result strongly suggests that photospheric emission is the emission mechanism of GRBs.
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2018-12-13
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Di-Omega in QCD on the front page of an in-house magazine
Di-Omega in QCD reported in the previous iTHEMS NewsLetter became a front page of the latest news letter of "Science and technology companies pension fund". It is amazing that the pension fund organization is interested in elementary particle physics!
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2018-11-08
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Susumu Inoue (iTHEMS Research Scientist) was highlighted in a recent article of RIKEN RESEARCH "Highly energetic neutrino traced back to a blazar"
"The spectrum measured by MAGIC strongly points to the neutrino being generated by a high-energy proton in the blazar’s jet interacting with low-energy photons,” says Susumu Inoue of RIKEN’s Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS) program, who is part of the MAGIC team.
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2018-10-11
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X-ray telescope reveals the Milky Way’s halo of hot gas is fed by supernovae
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy up to 100,000 light years across, and our Sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars within it. The galaxy has a halo, which is partly made up of gas accumulated from the vast expanses of intergalactic space but is also molded and supplemented by matter ejected from the galaxy’s stars. The balance between these two sources is not fully understood, and there is ongoing debate about the halo’s size and shape. RIKEN Researchers have mapped this halo gas using the Suzaku X-ray telescope and revealed how exploding stars have helped to shape this blazing shroud.
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2018-09-26
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Tightening the noose on neutron star radii
The study by Oliver Just (Nagataki's lab.) and his collaborators in Germany and Greece has added much needed clarity to limiting the neutron star radius, a parameter that provides vital clues about the microphysics of neutron stars and hence also about the microphysics of nuclei on Earth. “Before our study, the radius of a neutron star was only weakly constrained from below,” Just says.
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2018-09-10
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Book on "Origins of the Gravitational Wave"
Kotaro Kyutoku (Assistant Prof. in KEK and iTHEMS visiting researcher. Former iTHEMS SPDR) has published a book "Origins of the Gravitational Wave" in Japanese with Masaru Shibata (Max Planck Institute and Kyoto Univ.). It contains excellent explanations on general relativity and black holes, structure of neutron stars, supernova explosion, gamma-ray burst, gravitational wave, mergers of black holes and neutron stars, and current/future gravitational wave detectors on earth and space. Everybody who is interested in GW should have one in his/her bookshelf. English translation will be called for.
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2018-09-03
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The Di-Omega Picture
The image of Di-Omega (an exotic particle with 6 strange quarks) was selected as the front page picture of the August issue of RIKEN NEWS (vol.446, 2018). This is based on the work done by HAL QCD Collaboration composed of 6 institutions (RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN iTHEMS, YITP in Kyoto Univ., CCS in Univ. Tsukuba, RCNP in Osaka Univ. and Nihon Univ.).
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