We will have the 5th workshop on "Medicine and Math" in Kobe (hybrid style) on Sep. 29-30, 2024.
For more information and registration, please visit the related links.

Organizers:
Akihisa Yamamoto (RIKEN iTHEMS)
Tetsuo Hatsuda (RIKEN iTHEMS)
Motomu Tanaka (Heidelberg Univ. / Kyoto Univ.)
Hiroshi Suito (Tohoku Univ. / RIKEN iTHEMS)
Eiryo Kawakami (Chiba Univ. / RIKEN R-IH)
Takashi Sakajo (Kyoto Univ. / RIKEN iTHEMS)

Ever wondered what data is considered sufficient for approval of a new drug or vaccine? In this talk, I will talk about some of the errors and shortcomings with how clinical trials are run and regulated. I will also show how the data and analyses behind clinical trials can be very poorly done. I will show one example of very bad data and analysis, but I will also show an example of the valuable information that can come out of doing a good job in presenting, interpreting, and following the data. I will highlight how the over-reliance on summarizing measures like averages and the Gaussian assumption can lead to overlooking therapies that could otherwise have been extremely effective.

This talk should be of critical importance to those working in the fields of health, medical and clinical research. But this talk is about data and its analysis, and as such is also very relevant to physicists and other scientists who generate, present or analyse data as part of their research.

Young's convolution inequality is one of the elementary inequalities in functional and harmonic analysis, and this inequality is related to various theories in mathematics, physics, and computer theory. In addition, it is known that Young's inequality can be generalized to any locally compact group. In this talk, we introduce the definition of locally compact groups and the statement of Young's inequality with several examples. Finally, we see the speaker's recent results about refining Young's inequality for several locally compact groups, including the special linear groups.

In the presentation, I will discuss the exploration of neutron star matter using phenomenological models, focusing on how exotic particles like antikaons, hyperons as well as Delta-resonances influence the neutron star equation of state (EoS). The discussion will cover how antikaon optical potentials and kaon condensation affect the stability and structure of neutron stars, as well as the potential for hadron-quark phase transitions leading to quark matter cores in massive stars. I will also highlight the study of non-radial oscillation modes which provide insights into the internal structure and composition of neutron stars. These oscillation modes are essential for understanding neutron star asteroseismology and interpreting gravitational wave signals from neutron star mergers. By comparing theoretical predictions with observational data, including mass, radius, cooling rates, and gravitational wave detections, the presentation aims to refine constraints on the EoS and enhance our understanding of dense matter in compact stars.

Based on our paper [1], this presentation will show the application of complex scaling method(CSM) to scattering calculations of atomic systems. While CSM has been extensively used to study resonance states, the application of CSM to scattering calculations was proposed recently with applications in nuclear physics. In our study, we apply the CSM scattering calculation to atomic systems and propose an effective correction to avoid the problem of slow convergence to the number of complex eigen energies. Our results with the effective correction agree well with those reported in the literature for positron scattering with the targets Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H, He, He+, and Li2+.
In this presentation, we introduce the framework of phase-shift calculation using the CSM together with the examples of the positron scattering, and advantages and features of this approach.

[This seminar is co-hosted by Few-body Systems in Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center.]

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools in generative modeling, especially in image generation tasks. In this talk, we introduce a novel perspective by formulating diffusion models using the path integral method introduced by Feynman for describing quantum mechanics. We find this formulation providing comprehensive descriptions of score-based diffusion generative models, such as the derivation of backward stochastic differential equations and loss functions for optimization. The formulation accommodates an interpolating parameter connecting stochastic and deterministic sampling schemes, and this parameter can be identified as a counterpart of Planck's constant in quantum physics. This analogy enables us to apply the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) expansion, a well-established technique in quantum physics, for evaluating the negative log-likelihood to assess the performance disparity between stochastic and deterministic sampling schemes.

Recently, there has been a growing trend to consider cognitive, and social phenomena as Open Quantum Systems, and to mathematically define the fundamental principles behind them through so-called “Quantum-Like Modeling”. It has been extremely difficult to systematically explain complexities of such phenomena within humans’ cognitive traits based on classical “rational” reasoning. Quantum-Like Modeling suggests that using quantum probability calculus and its applications could be useful to rationalize such phenomena and expand previous understandings, obtained through simple linear algebra, by applying quantum formalizations. Just as physicists explored a new branch of mathematics, the theory of operators in complex Hilbert space, to describe the quantum phenomena in an effective way, considerations here will be built on the methodology and mathematical apparatus of quantum theory and directed to applications outside of physics, namely to, cognition, psychology, decision-making, economics, finances, as well as the social and political sciences.

Programme
14:00~14:10 Atsushi Iriki: Introduction. Potential of quantum computing for humanities
14:10~15:10 Andrei Khrennikov: Tutorial. Ubiquitous Quantum: from genetics and biological evolution to cognition, psychology, decision making, and social science
15:10~15:40 Masanao Ozawa: Quantum Instrument -- Measurement to cognition with QC-simulation
Break
16:00~16:30 Haruki Emori: Applications of quantum computers to cognitive sciences based on Quantum Instrument
16:30~17:00 Miho Fuyama: Subjective Experiences and Superposition State in Narrative Reading
17:00~17:30 General Discussion
18:00~19:00 Networking Mixer (RIKEN canteen #1)

Registration Deadline
September 26 (Thur), 2024 (for those attending both the workshop and networking mixer (banquet, free of charge))
October 4 (Fri), 2024 (for those attending only the workshop)

This year's meeting on "Outreach of RIKEN iTHEMS 2024@Sendai&Zoom" will be held from FRI November 15 to SUN November 17, as a face-to-face meeting at TOKYO ELECTRON House of Creativity of Tohoku Forum for Creativity in cooperation with iTHEMS SUURI-COOL (Sendai) using ZOOM for the necessary part as well.

The density functional theory (DFT) is one of the powerful methods to solve quantum many-body problems, which, in principle, gives the exact energy and density of the ground state. The accuracy of DFT is, in practice, determined by the accuracy of an energy density functional (EDF) since the exact EDF is still unknown. Currently, DFT has been used in many communities, including nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, and condensed matter physics, while the fundamental study of DFT, such as the first principle derivations of an accurate EDF and methods to calculate many observables from obtained densities and excited states, is still ongoing. However, there has been little opportunity to have interdisciplinary communication.

On December 2022, we had the first workshop on this series (DFT2022) at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, and several interdisciplinary discussions and collaborations were started. On February 2024, we had the second workshop on this series (DFT2024) at RIKEN Kobe Campus, and more stimulated discussion occured. To keep and extend collaborations, we organize the third workshop. Since the third workshop, we extend the scope of the workshop to the development and application of DFT as well. In this workshop, the current status and issues of each discipline will be shared towards solving these problems by meeting together among researchers in mathematics, nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, and condensed matter physics.

This workshop mainly comprises lectures/seminars on cutting-edge topics and discussion, while sessions composed of contributed talks are also planned.