Generalized AKS scheme of integrability via vertex algebra

May 9 (Tue) at 16:15 - 17:15, 2023

Wenda Fang (Ph.D. Student, Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), Kyoto University)

In this talk, we define and study the classical R-matrix for vertex Lie algebra, based on which we propose to construct a new vertex Lie algebra. As an application, using the classical R-matrix we defined, we give a new scheme to construct infinite-dimensional (Liouville) integrable systems via the Feigin-Frenkel center. This seminar is on-site only.

Venue: Seminar Room #359

Event Official Language: English

On the Beem-Nair conjecture

May 9 (Tue) at 15:00 - 16:00, 2023

Syun Furihata (Ph.D. Student, Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), Kyoto University)

Given a simple Lie group G, we have an open immersion (constructed by Beem and Nair) from the Kostant-Toda lattice associated to G into the universal centralizer of G. They expected that a free field realization of the chiral universal centralizer of G at the critical level will be obtained by the chiralization of this immersion. In this talk, we will verify this conjecture is true by constructing an embedding from the chiral universal centralizer into an appropriate vertex operator algebra at any level. This seminar is on-site only.

Venue: Seminar Room #359

Event Official Language: English

The 22nd MACS Colloquium

April 28 (Fri) at 15:00 - 18:30, 2023

Masaaki Imaizumi (Associate Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo)

15:00-16:00 Talk by Dr. Masaaki Imaizumi (Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo) "Theory of Deep Learning and Overparameterization" 16:15-17:20 2023 Study Group introduction session 17:30-18:00 Discussion

Venue: Maskawa Hall, 1F, Maskawa Building for Education and Research

Event Official Language: Japanese

Introduction to Genomics

April 27 (Thu) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2023

Jeffrey Fawcett (Senior Research Scientist, iTHEMS)

A 'genome' is a single set of genetic information of a given individual, which is encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. For instance, the human genome consists of around 3 billion nucleotide base pairs, although the size and content of the genome differs greatly across species and individuals. Some species such as the budding yeast has a genome as small as 12 million base pairs, whereas other species such as Paris japonica, a flowering plant native to the sub-alpine regions of Japan, is said to have a genome as large as 150 billion base pairs. In this talk, I will give a introduction of what kind of information is contained within a genome, and how that differs across species and individuals. This talk will be introductory and aimed at non-experts including non-biologists.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Spring Workshop on Quantum Gravity

April 26 (Wed) - 28 (Fri), 2023

This is co-hosted by iTHEMS and NCTS, and is also the first of Quantum Gravity Gatherings. What is space-time? How did the universe begin? Various approaches exist toward theories of quantum gravity that can answer such fundamental questions. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses and should capture, at least partially, some essential aspect of quantum gravity. Then, what are the general properties (if any) of the quantum nature of gravity independent of the details of such approaches? As the main speaker, we have asked Hikaru Kawai to give an intensive talk approaching this question from both general and specific arguments in a style consistent with the concept of Quantum Gravity Gatherings. We hope that the younger generation will experience his powerful arguments based on his experience and deep insights. This workshop is intended to be a lively and participatory event, not just a listening experience. For this reason, the number of participants will be limited to about 30 with priority given to graduate students and young post-docs; the intensive talk will be given in a face-to-face blackboard style (in English, no online streaming) to allow for informal and lively Q&A discussions. In addition, there will be sessions where any participant can give a short talk on any topic of his/her choice. Through these, all the participants will discuss the above question from various angles, and the young generations in Japan and Taiwan will stimulate each other and start new exchanges.

Venue: #435-437, 4F, Main Research Building

Event Official Language: English

Search for TeV-scale WIMP Dark Matter by observing Gamma rays around the Galactic Centre with the MAGIC telescopes and future prospects.

April 25 (Tue) at 11:00 - 12:00, 2023

Tomohiro Inada (Shuimu Tsinghua Fellow, Department of Physics, National Tsinghua University, Beijin, China)

Line-like features in TeV γ rays constitute a “smoking gun” for TeV-scale particle dark matter and new physics. Probing the Galactic Centre region with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes enables the search for TeV spectral features in immediate association with a dense dark matter reservoir at a sensitivity out of reach for satellite γ-ray detectors, and direct detection and collider experiments. I will report on about seven years of observations of the Galactic Centre region with the MAGIC stereoscopic telescope system reaching γ-ray energies up to 100 TeV. We constrain the cross-section for dark matter annihilation into two photons, achieving the best limits to date for a dark matter mass above 20 TeV and a cuspy dark matter profile at the Galactic Centre. I would like to discuss how to constrain supersymmetric wino models, which are one of the most popular dark matter candidates in the context of the Lightest Supersymmetric Particles (LSPs).

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

iTHEMS x academist Online Event "World of Mathematical Sciences 2023"

April 22 (Sat) at 10:00 - 16:30, 2023

Takumi Doi (Senior Research Scientist, iTHEMS)
Ryo Namba (Senior Research Scientist, iTHEMS)
Yuto Moriwaki (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, iTHEMS)
Kyosuke Adachi (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, Nonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR))
Natsuki Tomida (Specially Appointed Assistant Professor, Center for Science Adventure and Collaborative Research Advancement (SACRA), Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: Japanese

Machine learning predicts biological system evolution by gene gains and losses

April 20 (Thu) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2023

Naoki Konno (Ph.D. Student, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo)

Prediction of evolution is a fundamental goal of biology with a potential impact on strategic pathogen control and genome engineering. While predictability of short-term and sequence-level evolution has been investigated, that of long-term and system-level evolution has not been systematically examined. Here, we show that evolution of metabolic systems by gene gains and losses is generally predictable by applying ancestral gene content reconstruction and machine learning techniques to ~3000 bacterial genomes. Our framework, Evodictor, successfully predicted gene gain and loss events at the branches of the reference phylogenetic tree, suggesting universally shared evolutionary pressures and constraints on metabolic systems. I herein present the mathematical model of Evodictor and our findings on evolutionary rules from physiological and ecological aspects. I will further discuss potential versatility of Evodictor approach to analyze various diversification processes along branching lineage trees, not only evolution, but also developmental processes.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Towards EeV Neutrino Astronomy with GRAND

April 18 (Tue) at 14:00 - 15:15, 2023

Kumiko Kotera (Director of Research, Institute of Astrophysics, France)

We are living exciting times: we are now able to probe the most violent events of the Universe with diverse messengers (cosmic rays, neutrinos, photons and gravitational waves). One challenge to complete the multi-messenger picture resides in the highest energies, as no ultra-high energy neutrinos have been observed yet. This challenge could be undertaken by the GRAND (Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) project, which aims at detecting ultra-high energy particles, with a colossal array of 200'000 antennas over 200'000 km2, split into ~20 sub-arrays of ~10'000 km2 deployed worldwide. In this talk, we will present preliminary designs and simulation results, plans for the ongoing, staged approach to construction, and the rich research program made possible by the proposed sensitivity and angular resolution.

Venue: Common Room #246-248 / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Emergence of Extreme Universe from Quantum Information

April 17 (Mon) at 16:00 - 17:30, 2023

Tadashi Takayanagi (Professor, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)

Recently, a new interpretation of gravitational spacetime in terms of quantum entanglement has been obtained. The idea of holography in string theory provides a simple geometric computation of entanglement entropy. This generalizes the well-known Bekenstein-Hawking formula of black hole entropy and strongly suggests that a gravitational spacetime consists of many qubits with quantum entanglement. Also a new progress on black hole information problem has been made recently by applying this idea. I will explain these developments in this colloquium.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Why are cell populations maintained via multiple compartments?

April 13 (Thu) at 10:00 - 11:00, 2023

Carmen Molina-París (Researcher, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA)

We consider the maintenance of “product” cell populations from “progenitor” cells via a sequence of one or more cell types, or compartments, where each cell’s fate is chosen stochastically. If there is only one compartment then large amplification, that is, a large ratio of product cells to progenitors comes with disadvantages. The product cell population is dominated by large families (cells descended from the same progenitor) and many generations separate, on average, product cells from progenitors. These disadvantages are avoided using suitably-constructed sequences of compartments: the amplification factor of a sequence is the product of the amplification factors of each compartment, while the average number of generations is a sum over contributions from each compartment. Passing through multiple compartments is, in fact, an efficient way to maintain a product cell population from a small flux of progenitors, avoiding excessive clonality and minimising the number of rounds of division en route. We analyse the possible descendants of one progenitor cell, families of cells that journey through the sequence of compartments. We find that the ability of product cells to perform their function may be negatively affected by the number of rounds of cell division that separates them from their progenitor, because every round of division brings with it a risk of mutation.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

An overview on the nuclear equation of state studied from ground and collective excited state properties of nuclei

April 12 (Wed) at 13:30 - 15:00, 2023

Xavier Roca-Maza (Associate Professor, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Italy)

This contribution reviews a selection of available constraints to the nuclear equation of state (EoS) around saturation density from nuclear structure calculations on ground and collective excited state properties of atomic nuclei [1]. It concentrates on predictions based on self-consistent mean-field calculations, which can be considered as an approximate realization of an exact energy density functional (EDF). Mostly, EDFs are currently derived from effective interactions commonly fitted to nuclear masses, charge radii and, in many cases, also to pseudo-data such as nuclear matter properties. Although in a model dependent way, EDFs constitute nowadays a unique tool to reliablyand consistently access bulk ground state and collective excited state properties of atomic nuclei along the nuclear chart as well as the EoS. The impact on the EoS of the new CREx [2] and PREx [3] measurments of the parity violating asymmetry (ground state observable) in 48Ca and 208Pb, respectively, will be also discussed [4,5] and compared to previously presented results on collective excitations. As the main conclusion, the isospin dependence of the nuclear EoS around saturation density and, to a lesser extent, the nuclear matter incompressibility remain to be accurately determined. Experimental and theoretical efforts in finding and measuring observables specially sensitive to the EoS properties are of paramount importance, not only for low-energy nuclear physics but also for nuclear astrophysics applications.

Venue: 2F Large Meeting Room, RIBF Building, RIKEN Wako Campus (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Quantum modularity of quantum invariants and related techniques

April 11 (Tue) at 13:00 - 15:30, 2023

Yuya Murakami (JSPS Research Fellow PD, Faculty of Mathematics, Kyushu University)

In this talk, I will present my recent work[1] and related research. In the first half of the talk, I will provide an overview of the concept of quantum modularity of quantum invariants, and briefly discuss my main result. In the second half, I will provide a more detailed explanation of my main result and the proof.

Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Frobenius algebras associated with the α-induction for equivariantly braided tensor categories

April 10 (Mon) at 14:00 - 16:30, 2023

Mizuki Oikawa (Ph.D. Student / JSPS Research Fellow DC, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo)

In this talk, I would like to introduce my work https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11845. In the first half of the talk, I will give an introduction of tensor categories. In the latter half, I will explain about my construction of some tensor categories and Frobenius algebras.

Venue: Seminar Room #359 / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Introduction to the Renormalization group method as a powerful reduction method of dynamics

April 10 (Mon) at 10:30 - 12:00, 2023

Teiji Kunihiro (Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University)

Extracting effective slow dynamics with fewer degrees of freedom from a complex system with many degrees of freedom is of basic importance in all areas of Science. Typical examples include the derivation of the amplitude and phase dynamics from nonlinear oscillators, that of the Boltzmann equation from Hamilton dynamics, which is further reduced to fluid dynamics and so on. The purpose of this talk is to give an elementary introduction to the renormalization group (RG) method as a powerful reduction method of differential (difference) equations in terms of the notion of envelopes. Some simple examples will be worked out in this method, which include the van der Pol (Rayleigh) equation with its discrete analog and a generic system with a bifurcation. In the final part, we list up various examples to which the RG method has been successfully applied.

Venue: Seminar Room #359 (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Organizational meeting

April 6 (Thu) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2023

Catherine Beauchemin (Deputy Program Director, iTHEMS)

The purpose of the organizational meetings is to discuss various topics of interest to the members of iTHEMS in the field of Biology, but also to participants of the iTHEMS BIology Seminar, irrespective of their field. The primary objective of this meeting will be to discuss recruitment of JRAs, SPDRs, and female researchers from Biology into iTHEMS. I hope we can identify the main obstacles and consider together possible solutions. As usual, any additional topic can be brought up spontaneously by participants. Anyone with thoughts about iTHEMS Biology is welcome to join us, no matter their field.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Gauge-equivariant neural networks as preconditioners in lattice QCD

April 6 (Thu) at 13:30 - 15:00, 2023

Tilo Wettig (Professor, Universität Regensburg, Germany)

We demonstrate that a state-of-the-art multi-grid preconditioner can be learned efficiently by gauge-equivariant neural networks. We show that the models require minimal re-training on different gauge configurations of the same gauge ensemble and to a large extent remain efficient under modest modifications of ensemble parameters. We also demonstrate that important paradigms such as communication avoidance are straightforward to implement in this framework.

Venue: Common Room #246-248 (Main Venue) / via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

Asymmetric enzyme kinetics of F1-ATPase resulted from asymmetric allosterism

March 30 (Thu) at 16:00 - 17:00, 2023

Yohei Nakayama (Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University)

Bio-molecular machines play various roles in cells where thermal fluctuation is dominant. Since artificial molecular machines are far behind bio-molecular machines for the present, we should begin with understanding how bio-molecular machines are designed to play their roles. We examine the motion of a bio-molecular machine, F1-ATPase, in single molecule experiments. In particular, we focus on the operation of F1-ATPase as ATP synthase in addition to as molecular motor. In this seminar, I talk about the enzyme kinetics, dependence of reaction rate on substrate concentration, of F1-ATPase in ATP synthesis. The experimental result shows that the enzyme kinetics of F1-ATPase in ATP synthesis exhibits weaker dependence on substrate concentration than the ordinary Michaelis-Menten kinetics, whereas that in ATP hydrolysis follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Therefore, the enzyme kinetics of F1-ATPase turned out to be asymmetric between ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. We analyzed this asymmetry based on a potential switching model, totally asymmetric allosteric model, whose characteristic is asymmetry in angular dependence of binding rates of substrates. It was shown that the totally asymmetric allosteric model may reproduce the experimental results, where the asymmetry of binding rates is essential. We also discuss physiological roles that the asymmetry of enzyme kinetics may play.

Venue: via Zoom

Event Official Language: English

First Chalk

March 29 (Wed) at 16:30 - 17:00, 2023

The occasion to celebrate the launch of the new seminar room will take place after iTHEMS NOW & NEXT.

Venue: Seminar Room #359

Event Official Language: English